BILLING CODE: 3510-DS-P
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
International Trade Administration
[A-570-172]
Vanillin from the People’s Republic of China: Initiation of Less-Than-Fair-Value
Investigation
AGENCY:

Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, Department of
Commerce.

DATES: Applicable June 25, 2024.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dmitry Vladimirov, AD/CVD Operations,
Office I, Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20230; telephone: (202) 4820665.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The Petition
On June 5, 2024, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) received an
antidumping duty (AD) petition concerning imports of vanillin from the People’s Republic of
China (China) filed in proper form on behalf of Solvay USA LLC (the petitioner), a U.S.
producer of vanillin.1 The Petition was accompanied by a countervailing duty (CVD) petition
concerning imports of vanillin from China.2

See Petitioner’s Letter, “Petitions for the Imposition of Antidumping and Countervailing Duties,” dated June 5,
2024 (the Petition).
2 Id.
Between June 7 and 17, 2024, Commerce requested supplemental information pertaining
to certain aspects of the Petition in supplemental questionnaires.3 The petitioner responded to
Commerce’s supplemental questionnaires between June 11 and June 19, 2024.4
In accordance with section 732(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), the
petitioner alleges that imports of vanillin from China are being, or are likely to be, sold in the
United States at less than fair value (LTFV) within the meaning of section 731 of the Act, and
that imports of such products are materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, the
vanillin industry in the United States. Consistent with section 732(b)(1) of the Act, the Petition
was accompanied by information reasonably available to the petitioner supporting its allegations.
Commerce finds that the petitioner filed the Petition on behalf of the domestic industry,
because the petitioner is an interested party, as defined in section 771(9)(C) of the Act.
Commerce also finds that the petitioner demonstrated sufficient industry support for the initiation
of the requested LTFV investigation.5
Period of Investigation
Because the Petition was filed on June 5, 2024, and because China is a non-market
economy (NME) country, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.204(b)(1), the period of investigation (POI)
for the China LTFV investigation is October 1, 2023, through March 31, 2024.
Scope of the Investigation
The product covered by this investigation is vanillin from China. For a full description of
the scope of this investigation, see the appendix to this notice.

See Commerce’s Letters, “Supplemental Questions,” dated June 7, 2024 (First General Issues Questionnaire);
“Supplemental Questions,” dated June 7, 2024; Supplemental Questions,” dated June 14, 2024; and “Supplemental
Questions,” dated June 14, 2024; see also Memorandum, “Phone Call with Counsel to the Petitioner,” dated June
17, 2024 (June 17 Memorandum).
4 See Petitioner’s Letters, “Petitioner’s Response to Supplemental Questions Regarding Common Issues and Injury
Volume I of the Petitions,” dated June 11, 2024 (First General Issues Supplement); see also “Petitioner’s Response
to Supplemental Questions Regarding Volume II of the Petitions,” dated June 13, 2024; “Petitioner’s Response to
Supplemental Questions Regarding Common Issues and Injury Volume I of the Petitions,” dated June 18, 2024
(Second General Issues Supplement); and “Petitioner’s Response to Supplemental Questions Regarding Volume II
of the Petitions,” dated June 19, 2024.
5 See section on “Determination of Industry Support for the Petition,” infra.
Comments on Scope of the Investigation
Between June 7 and 17, 2024, Commerce requested information and clarification from
the petitioner regarding the proposed scope to ensure that the scope language in the Petition is an
accurate reflection of the products for which the domestic industry is seeking relief.6 Between
June 11 and 18, 2024, the petitioner provided clarifications and revised the scope.7 The
description of merchandise covered by this investigation, as described in the appendix to this
notice, reflects these clarifications.
As discussed in the Preamble to Commerce’s regulations, we are setting aside a period
for interested parties to raise issues regarding product coverage (i.e., scope).8 Commerce will
consider all scope comments received from interested parties and, if necessary, will consult with
interested parties prior to the issuance of the preliminary determination. If scope comments
include factual information,9 all such factual information should be limited to public information.
To facilitate preparation of its questionnaires, Commerce requests that scope comments be
submitted by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on July 15, 2024, which is 20 calendar days from the
signature date of this notice. Any rebuttal comments, which may include factual information,
and should also be limited to public information, must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on July 25, 2024,
which is 10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline.
Commerce requests that any factual information that parties consider relevant to the
scope of this investigation be submitted during that period. However, if a party subsequently
finds that additional factual information pertaining to the scope of the investigation may be
relevant, the party must contact Commerce and request permission to submit the additional
information. All scope comments must be filed simultaneously on the records of the concurrent
LTFV and CVD investigations.

See First General Issues Questionnaire; see also June 17 Memorandum.
See First General Issues Supplement at 2-4 and Exhibits I-Supp-2 and I-Supp-3; see also Second General Issues
Supplement at 2-3.
8 See Antidumping Duties; Countervailing Duties, Final Rule, 62 FR 27296, 27323 (May 19, 1997) (Preamble); see
also 19 CFR 351.312.
9 See 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) (defining “factual information”).
6
Filing Requirements
All submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically via Enforcement and
Compliance’s Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service
System (ACCESS), unless an exception applies.10 An electronically filed document must be
received successfully in its entirety by the time and date it is due.
Comments on Product Characteristics
Commerce is providing interested parties an opportunity to comment on the appropriate
physical characteristics of vanillin to be reported in response to Commerce’s AD questionnaires.
This information will be used to identify the key physical characteristics of the subject
merchandise in order to report the relevant factors of production (FOP) accurately, as well as to
develop appropriate product comparison criteria.
Interested parties may provide any information or comments that they feel are relevant to
the development of an accurate list of physical characteristics. In order to consider the
suggestions of interested parties in developing and issuing the AD questionnaire, all product
characteristics comments must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on July 15, 2024, which is 20 calendar
days from the signature date of this notice.11 Any rebuttal comments must be filed by 5:00 p.m.
ET on July 25, 2024, which is 10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline. All
comments and submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically using ACCESS, as
explained above, on the record of the LTFV investigation.
Determination of Industry Support for the Petition
Section 732(b)(1) of the Act requires that a petition be filed on behalf of the domestic
industry. Section 732(c)(4)(A) of the Act provides that a petition meets this requirement if the
domestic producers or workers who support the petition account for: (i) at least 25 percent of the

See Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings: Electronic Filing Procedures; Administrative Protective
Order Procedures, 76 FR 39263 (July 6, 2011); see also Enforcement and Compliance: Change of Electronic
Filing System Name, 79 FR 69046 (November 20, 2014) for details of Commerce’s electronic filing requirements,
effective August 5, 2011.
11See 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1).
total production of the domestic like product; and (ii) more than 50 percent of the production of
the domestic like product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for, or
opposition to, the petition. Moreover, section 732(c)(4)(D) of the Act provides that, if the
petition does not establish support of domestic producers or workers accounting for more than 50
percent of the total production of the domestic like product, Commerce shall: (i) poll the
industry or rely on other information in order to determine if there is support for the petition, as
required by subparagraph (A); or (ii) determine industry support using a statistically valid
sampling method to poll the “industry.”
Section 771(4)(A) of the Act defines the “industry” as the producers as a whole of a
domestic like product. Thus, to determine whether a petition has the requisite industry support,
the statute directs Commerce to look to producers and workers who produce the domestic like
product. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), which is responsible for determining
whether “the domestic industry” has been injured, must also determine what constitutes a
domestic like product in order to define the industry. While both Commerce and the ITC must
apply the same statutory definition regarding the domestic like product,12 they do so for different
purposes and pursuant to a separate and distinct authority. In addition, Commerce’s
determination is subject to limitations of time and information. Although this may result in
different definitions of the like product, such differences do not render the decision of either
agency contrary to law.13
Section 771(10) of the Act defines the domestic like product as “a product which is like,
or in the absence of like, most similar in characteristics and uses with, the article subject to an
investigation under this title.” Thus, the reference point from which the domestic like product

See section 771(10) of the Act.
See USEC, Inc. v. United States, 132 F. Supp. 2d 1, 8 (CIT 2001) (citing Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United
States, 688 F. Supp. 639, 644 (CIT 1988), aff’d Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United States, 865 F.2d 240 (Fed. Cir.
1989)).
12
analysis begins is “the article subject to an investigation” (i.e., the class or kind of merchandise
to be investigated, which normally will be the scope as defined in the petition).
With regard to the domestic like product, the petitioner does not offer a definition of the
domestic like product distinct from the scope of the investigation.14 Based on our analysis of the
information submitted on the record, we have determined that vanillin, as defined in the scope,
constitutes a single domestic like product, and we have analyzed industry support in terms of that
domestic like product.15
In determining whether the petitioner has standing under section 732(c)(4)(A) of the Act,
we considered the industry support data contained in the Petition with reference to the domestic
like product as defined in the “Scope of the Investigation,” in the appendix to this notice. To
establish industry support, the petitioner provided its production of the domestic like product in
2023.16 The petitioner estimated the production of the domestic like product for the remaining
U.S. producers of vanillin based on its knowledge of the industry.17 We relied on data provided
by the petitioner for purposes of measuring industry support.18
Our review of the data provided in the Petition, the First General Issues Supplement, the
Second General Issues Supplement, and other information readily available to Commerce
indicates that the petitioner has established industry support for the Petition.19 First, the Petition
established support from domestic producers (or workers) accounting for more than 50 percent
of the total production of the domestic like product and, as such, Commerce is not required to

See Petition at Volume I (pages 7-9 and Exhibit I-8); see also First General Issues Supplement at 7-8 and Exhibit
I-Supp-3; and Second General Issues Supplement at 2-3.
15 For a discussion of the domestic like product analysis as applied to this case and information regarding industry
support, see Checklist, “Vanillin from the People’s Republic of China,” dated concurrently with, and hereby adopted
by, this notice (China AD Initiation Checklist), at Attachment II, Analysis of Industry Support for the Antidumping
and Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Vanillin from the People’s Republic of China. This checklist is on file
electronically via ACCESS.
16 See Petition at Volume I (Exhibits I-2 and I-11); see also First General Issues Supplement at 5, 8, and Exhibits ISupp-4 and I-Supp-7.
17 See Petition at Volume I (page 2 and Exhibit I-2); see also First General Issues Supplement at 5-7 and Exhibits ISupp-4, I-Supp-5, I-Supp-8 and I-Supp-9; and Second General Issues Supplement at 1-2.
18 See Petition at Volume I (page 2 and Exhibits I-2 and I-11); see also First General Issues Supplement at 5-8 and
Exhibits I-Supp-4 and I-Supp-7; and Second General Issues Supplement at 1-2.
19 See Attachment II of the China AD Initiation Checklist.
take further action in order to evaluate industry support (e.g., polling).20 Second, the domestic
producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry support under section
732(c)(4)(A)(i) of the Act because the domestic producers (or workers) who support the Petition
account for at least 25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product.21 Finally, the
domestic producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry support under
section 732(c)(4)(A)(ii) of the Act because the domestic producers (or workers) who support the
Petition account for more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like product
produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for, or opposition to, the Petition.22
Accordingly, Commerce determines that the Petition was filed on behalf of the domestic industry
within the meaning of section 732(b)(1) of the Act.23
Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and Causation
The petitioner alleges that the U.S. industry producing the domestic like product is being
materially injured, or is threatened with material injury, by reason of the imports of the subject
merchandise sold at LTFV. In addition, the petitioner alleges that subject imports exceed the
negligibility threshold provided for under section 771(24)(A) of the Act.24
The petitioner contends that the industry’s injured condition is illustrated by a significant
volume of subject imports; significant market share of subject imports; underselling and price
depression and/or suppression; declines in financial performance and operating income; declines
in production, shipments, capacity utilization, and employment variables; and lost sales and
revenues.25 We assessed the allegations and supporting evidence regarding material injury,
threat of material injury, causation, as well as negligibility, and we have determined that these

Id.; see also section 732(c)(4)(D) of the Act.
See Attachment II of the China AD Initiation Checklist.
22 Id.
23 Id.
24 See Petition at Volume I (pages 11-12 and Exhibit I-10).
25 Id. at 10-21 and Exhibits I-5 and I-9 through I-15.
20
allegations are properly supported by adequate evidence, and meet the statutory requirements for
initiation.26
Allegations of Sales at LTFV
The following is a description of the allegations of sales at LTFV upon which Commerce
based its decision to initiate an LTFV investigation of imports of vanillin from China. The
sources of data for the deductions and adjustments relating to U.S. price and normal value (NV)
are discussed in greater detail in the China AD Initiation Checklist.
U.S. Price
The petitioner based export price (EP) on average unit values derived from official
import statistics for imports of vanillin from China into the United States during the POI.27 The
petitioner made certain adjustments to U.S. price to calculate a net ex-factory U.S. price, where
applicable.28
Normal Value
Commerce considers China to be an NME country.29 In accordance with section
771(18)(C)(i) of the Act, any determination that a foreign country is an NME country shall
remain in effect until revoked by Commerce. Therefore, we continue to treat China as an NME
country for purposes of the initiation of the China LTFV investigation. Accordingly, we base
NV on FOPs valued in a surrogate market economy country in accordance with section 773(c) of
the Act.
The petitioner claims that Chile is an appropriate surrogate country for China because it
is a market economy that is at a level of economic development comparable to that of China and
26 See

China AD Initiation Checklist at Attachment III, Analysis of Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and
Causation for the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Vanillin from the People’s Republic of
China.
27 See China AD Initiation Checklist.
28 Id.
29 See, e.g., Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof from the People’s Republic of China: Preliminary
Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Critical
Circumstances, 88 FR 15372 (March 13, 2023), and accompanying Preliminary Decision Memorandum at 5,
unchanged in Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof from the People’s Republic of China: Final
Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less-Than-Fair Value and Final Affirmative Determination of Critical
Circumstances, 88 FR 34485 (May 30, 2023).

is a significant producer of comparable merchandise.30 The petitioner provided publicly
available information from Chile to value all FOPs.31 Based on the information provided by the
petitioner, we believe it is appropriate to use Chile as a surrogate country for China to value all
FOPs for initiation purposes.
Interested parties will have the opportunity to submit comments regarding surrogate
country selection and, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.301(c)(3)(i), will be provided an opportunity to
submit publicly available information to value FOPs within 30 days before the scheduled date of
the preliminary determination.
Factors of Production
Because information regarding the volume of inputs consumed by Chinese
producers/exporters was not reasonably available, the petitioner used its own product-specific
consumption rates as a surrogate to value Chinese manufacturers’ FOPs.32 Additionally, the
petitioner calculated factory overhead, selling, general, and administrative expenses, and profit
based on the experience of a Chilean producer of comparable merchandise.33
Fair Value Comparisons
Based on the data provided by the petitioner, there is reason to believe that imports of
vanillin from China are being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. Based on
comparisons of EP to NV in accordance with sections 772 and 773 of the Act, the estimated
dumping margins are 1,173.85 and 1,231.35 percent ad valorem.34
Initiation of LTFV Investigation
Based upon the examination of the Petition and supplemental questionnaire responses, we
find that they meet the requirements of section 732 of the Act. Therefore, we are initiating an
LTFV investigation to determine whether imports of vanillin from China are being, or are likely

See China AD Initiation Checklist.
Id.
32 Id.
33 Id.
34 Id.
30
to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. In accordance with section 733(b)(1)(A) of the Act and
19 CFR 351.205(b)(1), unless postponed, we will make our preliminary determination no later
than 140 days after the date of this initiation.
Respondent Selection
In the Petition, the petitioner named 40 companies in China as producers and/or exporters
of vanillin.35 Our standard practice for respondent selection in LTFV investigations involving
NME countries is to select respondents based on quantity and value (Q&V) questionnaires in
cases where Commerce has determined that the number of companies is large, and it cannot
individually examine each company based upon its resources. Therefore, considering the
number of producers and/or exporters identified in the Petition, Commerce will solicit Q&V
information that can serve as a basis for selecting exporters for individual examination in the
event that Commerce determines that the number is large and decides to limit the number of
respondents individually examined pursuant to section 777A(c)(2) of the Act. Because there are
40 Chinese producers and/or exporters identified in the Petition, Commerce has determined that
it will issue Q&V questionnaires to the largest producers and/or exporters that are identified in
the U.S. Customs and Border Protection data for which there is complete address information on
the record.36
Commerce will post the Q&V questionnaires along with filing instructions on
Commerce’s website at https://www.trade.gov/ec-adcvd-case-announcements.
Producers/exporters of vanillin from China that do not receive Q&V questionnaires may still
submit a response to the Q&V questionnaire and can obtain a copy of the Q&V questionnaire
from Commerce’s website. Responses to the Q&V questionnaire must be submitted by the
relevant Chinese producers/exporters no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on July 9, 2024, which is two
weeks from the signature date of this notice. All Q&V questionnaire responses must be filed

See Petition at Volume I (page 5 and Exhibit I-4); see also First General Issues Supplement at 1 and Exhibit I-8;
and Second General Issues Supplement at 1 and Exhibit 1-2Supp-1.
36 See Memorandum, “Release of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Entry Data,” dated June 20, 2024.
electronically via ACCESS. An electronically filed document must be received successfully, in
its entirety, by ACCESS no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on the deadline noted above.
Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under administrative protective
order (APO) in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(b). As stated above, instructions for filing
such applications may be found on Commerce’s website at
https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders.
Separate Rates
In order to obtain separate rate status in an NME investigation, exporters and producers
must submit a separate rate application. The specific requirements for submitting a separate rate
application in an NME investigation are outlined in detail in the application itself, which is
available on Commerce’s website at https://access.trade.gov/Resources/nme/nme-sep-rate.html.
The separate rate application will be due 30 days after publication of this initiation notice.
Exporters and producers must file a timely separate rate application if they want to be considered
for individual examination. Exporters and producers who submit a separate rate application and
have been selected as mandatory respondents will be eligible for consideration for separate rate
status only if they respond to all parts of Commerce’s AD questionnaire as mandatory
respondents. Commerce requires that companies from China submit a response both to the Q&V
questionnaire and to the separate rate application by the respective deadlines to receive
consideration for separate rate status. Companies not filing a timely Q&V questionnaire
response will not receive separate rate consideration.
Use of Combination Rates
Commerce will calculate combination rates for certain respondents that are eligible for
a separate rate in an NME investigation. The Separate Rates and Combination Rates Bulletin
states:
{w}hile continuing the practice of assigning separate rates only to exporters, all
separate rates that {Commerce} will now assign in its NME investigation will be
specific to those producers that supplied the exporter during the period of
investigation. Note, however, that one rate is calculated for the exporter and all of

the producers which supplied subject merchandise to it during the period of
investigation. This practice applies both to mandatory respondents receiving an
individually calculated separate rate as well as the pool of non-investigated firms
receiving the {weighted average} of the individually calculated rates. This practice
is referred to as the application of “combination rates” because such rates apply to
specific combinations of exporters and one or more producers. The cash-deposit
rate assigned to an exporter will apply only to merchandise both exported by the
firm in question and produced by a firm that supplied the exporter during the period
of investigation.37
Distribution of Copies of the Petition
In accordance with section 732(b)(3)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.202(f), a copy of the
public version of the Petition has been provided to the Government of China via ACCESS. To
the extent practicable, we will attempt to provide a copy of the public version of the Petition to
each exporter named in the Petition, as provided under 19 CFR 351.203(c)(2).
ITC Notification
Commerce will notify the ITC of our initiation, as required by section 732(d) of the Act.
Preliminary Determination by the ITC
The ITC will preliminarily determine, within 45 days after the date on which the Petition
was filed, whether there is a reasonable indication that imports of vanillin from China are
materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, a U.S. industry.38 A negative ITC
determination will result in the investigation being terminated.39 Otherwise, this LTFV
investigation will proceed according to statutory and regulatory time limits.
Submission of Factual Information
Factual information is defined in 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) as: (i) evidence submitted in
response to questionnaires; (ii) evidence submitted in support of allegations; (iii) publicly
available information to value factors under 19 CFR 351.408(c) or to measure the adequacy of
remuneration under 19 CFR 351.511(a)(2); (iv) evidence placed on the record by Commerce;

See Enforcement and Compliance’s Policy Bulletin No. 05.1, regarding, “Separate-Rates Practice and Application
of Combination Rates in Antidumping Investigation involving NME Countries,” (April 5, 2005), at 6 (emphasis
added), available on Commerce’s website at https://access.trade.gov/Resources/policy/bull05-1.pdf.
38 See section 733(a) of the Act.
39 Id.
and (v) evidence other than factual information described in (i)-(iv). Section 351.301(b) of
Commerce’s regulations requires any party, when submitting factual information, to specify
under which subsection of 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) the information is being submitted40 and, if
the information is submitted to rebut, clarify, or correct factual information already on the
record, to provide an explanation identifying the information already on the record that the
factual information seeks to rebut, clarify, or correct.41 Time limits for the submission of factual
information are addressed in 19 CFR 351.301, which provides specific time limits based on the
type of factual information being submitted. Interested parties should review the regulations
prior to submitting factual information in this investigation.
Extensions of Time Limits
Parties may request an extension of time limits before the expiration of a time limit
established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by Commerce. In general, an
extension request will be considered untimely if it is filed after the expiration of the time limit
established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by Commerce.42 For submissions
that are due from multiple parties simultaneously, an extension request will be considered
untimely if it is filed after 10:00 a.m. ET on the due date. Under certain circumstances,
Commerce may elect to specify a different time limit by which extension requests will be
considered untimely for submissions which are due from multiple parties simultaneously. In
such a case, we will inform parties in a letter or memorandum of the deadline (including a
specified time) by which extension requests must be filed to be considered timely. An extension
request must be made in a separate, standalone submission; under limited circumstances we will
grant untimely filed requests for the extension of time limits, where we determine, based on
19 CFR 351.302, that extraordinary circumstances exist. Parties should review Commerce’s

See 19 CFR 351.301(b).
See 19 CFR 351.301(b)(2).
42 See 19 CFR 351.301; see also Extension of Time Limits; Final Rule, 78 FR 57790 (September 20, 2013) (Time
Limits Final Rule), available at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-20/html/2013-22853.htm.
40
regulations concerning the extension of time limits and the Time Limits Final Rule prior to
submitting factual information in this investigation.43
Certification Requirements
Any party submitting factual information in an AD or CVD proceeding must certify to
the accuracy and completeness of that information.44 Parties must use the certification formats
provided in 19 CFR 351.303(g).45 Commerce intends to reject factual submissions if the
submitting party does not comply with the applicable certification requirements.
Notification to Interested Parties
Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under APO in accordance with
19 CFR 351.305. Parties wishing to participate in this investigation should ensure that they meet
the requirements of 19 CFR 351.103(d) (e.g., by filing the required letter of appearance). Note
that Commerce has amended certain of its requirements pertaining to the service of documents in
19 CFR 351.303(f).46
This notice is issued and published pursuant to sections 732(c)(2) and 777(i) of the Act,
and 19 CFR 351.203(c).
Dated: June 25, 2024.
Ryan Majerus,
Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Policy and Negotiations,
performing the non-exclusive functions and duties
of the Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance.

See 19 CFR 351.302; see also, e.g., Time Limits Final Rule.
See section 782(b) of the Act.
45 See Certification of Factual Information to Import Administration During Antidumping and Countervailing Duty
Proceedings, 78 FR 42678 (July 17, 2013) (Final Rule). Additional information regarding the Final Rule is
available at https://access.trade.gov/Resources/filing/index.html.
46 See Administrative Protective Order, Service, and Other Procedures in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty
Proceedings, 88 FR 67069 (September 29, 2023).
43
Appendix
Scope of the Investigation
The merchandise covered by the investigation is vanillin, with the molecular formula C8H8O3 or
C9H10O3. For purposes of this investigation, vanillin consists of natural vanillin, synthetic
vanillin, bio-sourced synthetic vanillin (biovanillin) (each also known as 4-Hydroxy-3methoxybenzaldehyde), and ethylvanillin (also known as 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde).
Vanillin covered by this investigation is a chemical compound with the Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) number 121-33-5 or 121-32-4. Vanillin is covered by the investigation regardless
of whether it is in a crystalline powder or crystal form. Vanillin is covered by the scope of the
investigation, irrespective of purity, particle size, or physical form.
Merchandise subject to the investigation is specified within the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of
the United States (HTSUS) under subheading 2912.41.0000 and 2912.42.0000. The HTSUS
subheadings and CAS registry numbers are provided for convenience and customs purposes
only. The written description of the merchandise covered by the investigation is dispositive.
[FR Doc. 2024-14460 Filed: 6/28/2024 8:45 am; Publication Date: 7/1/2024]