BILLING CODE 3410-KS-P
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
2 CFR Chapter IV
[Docket No. USDA-2024-0002]
RIN 0505-AA18
USDA Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit
Requirements for Federal Awards
AGENCY: Office of the Chief Financial Officer, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) proposes to revise parts of
the USDA Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit
Requirements for Federal Awards. USDA proposes both policy changes and
clarifications to existing requirements including plain language revisions. USDA is
proposing revisions intended in many cases to reduce agency and recipient burden.
DATES: We will consider comments that we receive by [insert date 30 days after date
of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER].
ADDRESSES: We invite you to submit comments in response to this proposed rule. You
may submit your comments through the following method below:
•

Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov and search
for Docket ID USDA-2024-0002. Follow the instructions for submitting
comments.

All comments received will be made publicly available on http://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tyson P. Whitney, Office of the
Chief Financial Officer, Director, Transparency and Accountability Reporting Division,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC
20250-9011, 202-720-8978, tyson.whitney@usda.gov.

Individuals who require alternative means for communication should contact the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) Target Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The purpose of USDA’s action is to provide conforming updates to OMB’s April 22,
2024 updates to 2 CFR part 200, implement plain language use, and to propose revisions
intended in many cases to reduce agency and recipient burden. USDA proposes both
policy changes and clarifications to existing requirements. Except for minor or technical
corrections, such as updates to citations, the proposed changes and the reasons for them
are explained in detail in the Proposed Regulations section of this notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM).

Regulatory History
USDA conducted a comprehensive review of the regulatory history of 2 CFR Chapter IV
and has identified that much of the current language is relatively unchanged from the
time of each respective regulatory implementation over the past several decades.
Reviewing the regulatory history of USDA’s assistance regulations is valuable as it
illustrates historic administrative priorities active at the time of implementation, both at
USDA and across the Federal government. In addition, a full review of the regulatory
history demonstrates that USDA has maintained an enduring commitment over more than
forty years to reducing burden on applicants across its financial assistance landscape.
The regulatory history of USDA-wide financial assistance begins on November 10, 1981,
when USDA issued a final rule to establish at 7 CFR part 3015 Department-wide policies
and standards for administration of grants and cooperative agreements, to provide
uniformity in policy and standardization of guidance for all of USDA. See 46 FR 55636.
Prior to the issuance of this final rule, USDA issued internal regulations on the

administration of grants and cooperative agreements which directed the agencies to
implement USDA, OMB and other guidance agencies’ policies and directives through
issuance of their own individual agency assistance regulations or directives. This action
was intended to reduce confusion, duplication and complexity in the administration and
management of Federal financial assistance provided by USDA.

USDA also issued rules in response to several laws, Executive Orders, and OMB
Circulars, which expanded the footprint of USDA assistance regulations. For example, on
June 24, 1983, USDA issued a final rule to amend 7 CFR part 3015 to implement E.O.
12372, “Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs,” section 401 of the
Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1968, as amended (31 U.S.C. 6506), and section
204 of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act, as amended (42
U.S.C. 3334), and thereby replace the intergovernmental consultation system developed
under OMB Circular A-95. See 48 FR 29100. This language remains unchanged to date.

Other changes to the USDA assistance regulations originate from past administrative
priorities. For example, on May 9, 1986, USDA issued a final rule to amend 7 CFR part
3015 to add a new section to implement requirements found in Secretary’s Memorandum
(SM) 5000-2 to all discretionary grants and cooperative agreements. See 51 FR 17169.
SM 5000-2 established USDA policy regarding competition in the awarding of grants and
cooperative agreements to further research, extension, or teaching programs in the food
and agricultural sciences. This action expanded the application of the competition
requirement to all discretionary awards as the Department determined that there was no
logical reason to distinguish between awards made to further research, extension, and
teaching programs and other discretionary awards, as competition was deemed beneficial
in either instance.

Over the next several years, USDA joined in several government-wide common rules,
which demonstrates a commitment to the establishment of a uniform applicant experience
with compliance requirements. For example, on March 11, 1988, USDA adopted a final
common rule to establish at 7 CFR part 3016 administrative requirements applicable to
assistance relationships established by grants and cooperative agreements, including
subawards, to State and local governments. See 53 FR 8042. Prior to that date,
administrative requirements for awards and subawards under all USDA programs were
codified at 7 CFR part 3015. At that time, note that the common rule applied to USDA’s
non-entitlement programs, but did not apply to certain entitlement programs.

USDA joined several other common rules focused on government-wide priorities, such as
nonprocurement debarment and suspension, drug-free workplace, and lobbying. On
January 30, 1989, USDA adopted a final common rule to establish at 7 CFR part 3017 the
uniform system of nonprocurement debarment and suspension as required under
Executive Order (E.O.) 12549. See 54 FR 4722. On January 31, 1989, USDA adopted an
interim final common rule requiring grantees to take steps to provide a drug-free
workplace as required by the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-690). See
54 FR 4947. This action established a new Subpart F at 7 CFR part 3017. On December
18, 1989, OMB issued interim final government-wide guidance on lobbying as required
by the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for Fiscal
Year 1990, Section 319 (Pub. L. 101-121). See 54 FR 52306. On February 26, 1990,
USDA adopted an interim final common rule to establish at 7 CFR part 3018 the OMB
government-wide guidance on lobbying. See 55 FR 6736. On May 25, 1990, USDA
adopted a final common rule related to drug-free workplace requirements for financial
assistance. See 55 FR 21681. This action amended the earlier interim final rule.

During this time, Federal financial assistance continued to be managed through OMB’s
issuance of Circulars which agencies subsequently adopted. Accordingly, on August 24,
1995, USDA issued an interim final rule to implement OMB’s Circular A-110, “Uniform
Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements With Institutions of Higher
Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations.” See 60 FR 44122. This
action established 7 CFR part 3019 and consequently amended 7 CFR part 3015. Later,
on March 16, 2000, USDA adopted an interim final rule to amend the earlier codification
of OMB Circular A-110 at 7 CFR part 3019. See 65 FR 14406. This action required data
produced under a financial assistance award to be made available to the public through
procedures established under the Freedom of Information Act and provided for a
reasonable fee to cover costs responding to such a request.

Reviewing the regulatory history has revealed one area where OMB issued guidance, but
no common rule was subsequently issued or amended. On January 19, 1996, OMB issued
interim final amendments to the OMB government-wide guidance on lobbying following
the passage of the “Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995” (Pub. L. 104-65). See 61 FR 1412.
This action removed the reporting requirements at Subpart F and made technical
corrections to the lobbying disclosure form. This NPRM proposes conforming edits to 2
CFR part 418 which will align USDA with the 1996 interim final amendments.

On August 14, 2000, USDA issued a final rule to revise its grants management
regulations at 7 CFR 3016 to include provisions specific to USDA entitlement programs.
See 65 FR 49474. This language serves as the basis for the present-day 2 CFR part 416.

On December 6, 2000, the Office of Science and Technology Policy issued the Federal
Policy on Research Misconduct which addresses research misconduct in research
conducted by Federal agencies, conducted or managed for the Federal government by
contractors, or supported by the Federal government and performed at research
institutions. USDA initially implemented these requirements as interim policy through
SM 2400-007. On August 13, 2010, USDA issued a final rule to establish at 7 CFR part
3022 the codification of the Office of Science and Technology Policy’s Federal Policy on
Research Misconduct. See 75 FR 49357. This language remains unchanged to date.
Several regulatory changes concerned updates regarding nonprocurement debarment and
suspension and drug-free workplace. On November 6, 2003, OMB issued a final
government-wide common rule on nonprocurement debarment and suspension and drugfree workplace requirements for financial assistance. See 68 FR 66534. USDA adopted
this rule on an interim final basis, to request further comment on sections related to
appeals to an administrative law judge and delegations of authority related to the Forest
Service. This action amended the existing 7 CFR part 3017 and established 7 CFR part
3021 to separate nonprocurement debarment and suspension from drug-free workplace
requirements for financial assistance. On May 25, 2010, USDA established a new part
417 on nonprocurement debarment and suspension at 2 CFR Chapter IV that adopted and
supplemented the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidance at 2 CFR part 180
as USDA’s policies and procedures for nonprocurement debarment and suspension. The
introduction of part 417 of 2 CFR replaced and removed USDA’s previous
implementation of the government-wide common rule on nonprocurement debarment and
suspension at 7 CFR part 3017. This language serves as the basis for the present-day 2
CFR part 417. In addition, on December 8, 2011, USDA issued a direct final rule to
remove its regulation implementing the government-wide common rule on drug-free
workplace requirements for financial assistance at 7 CFR part 4021 and issued a new

regulation to adopt the Office of Management and Budget guidance (2 CFR part 182) at 2
CFR part 421. See 76 FR 76609. This action made no substantive changes in USDA’s
policy or procedures for drug-free workplace. This language remains unchanged to date.

A major shift in the USDA’s assistance regulations occurred on December 26, 2013,
when OMB issued the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit
Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly referred to as the "Uniform Guidance",
codified at 2 CFR part 200) that “set standard requirements for financial management of
Federal awards across the entire Federal government.” See 78 FR 78590. On December
19, 2014, OMB and other Federal award-making agencies, including USDA, issued an
interim final rule to implement the Uniform Guidance. See 79 FR 75867. As part of the
December 2014 rulemaking, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer adopted 2 CFR part
200, along with an agency-specific addendum in a new 2 CFR part 400. USDA added 2
CFR parts 415, 416, 418 and 422. The content found in these parts represented the delta
between the Uniform Guidance and the USDA assistance regulations in 7 CFR. In the
same rulemaking, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer removed parts 3015, 3016,
3018, 3019, 3022 and 3052 from title 7 of the CFR, as they became obsolete with the
publication of the interim final rule. See 79 FR 75981. On February 16, 2016, USDA
issued a final rule to finalize certain component agency portions of the Uniform Guidance
and make conforming changes. This rule confirmed that 2 CFR part 400, 415, 416, 418,
and 422 as described in the interim final rule were adopted with no changes. See 81 FR
7695.

Over the next couple of years, various sections of USDA assistance regulations were
updated. For example, on October 4, 2019, USDA issued a final rule to adopt certain
provisions of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidelines to agencies on

governmentwide debarment and suspension (nonprocurement) not previously adopted
and to adopt changes made to the OMB guidance after its initial publication in 2010. See
84 FR 52993. In addition, on November 16, 2020, USDA issued a final rule to make
technical corrections to the Department's grants and agreements regulations. See 85 FR
72912.

Finally, on April 22, 2024, OMB issued a final rule and notification of final guidance to
revise the OMB Guidance for Grants and Agreements. The action revises and updates the
guidance, incorporating certain statutory requirements and clarifying certain sections
including revisions to improve Federal financial assistance management, transparency,
and oversight. See 89 FR 30046. This NRPM proposes several conforming edits which
align USDA’s assistance regulations with OMB’s recent final rule.

Proposed Regulations
2 CFR part 400 – Uniform administrative requirements, cost principles, and audit
requirements for Federal awards
Current Regulation: Part 400 provides the USDA adoption of subparts A through F of 2
CFR part 200, as supplemented by the same part.

Proposed Regulation: The proposed revision updates the authorities under which this part
is issued. It additionally creates a new definition section applicable to 2 CFR Chapter IV
which centralizes existing definitions from current parts of 2 CFR Chapter IV and defines
for USDA certain terms present in 2 CFR Subtitle A but not defined in that subtitle.
USDA proposes to clarify conflict of interest requirements applicable to each USDA
awarding agency, which includes the implementation of procedures to identify, disclose,
and mitigate identified conflicts of interest that may arise during the period of

performance of an award. The proposed revisions also include minor updates to
terminology to conform to the April 22, 2024, OMB updates to 2 CFR part 200.

Reasons: The reference USDA proposes to add clarifies the source of the authority to
adopt subparts A through F of 2 CFR part 200. The centralization of definitions provides
clarity and reduces recipient and agency and recipient burden on the interpretation and
application of 2 CFR Chapter IV. The addition of new definitions enhances uniform
interpretation and application of 2 CFR Subtitle A and 2 CFR Chapter IV which will
improve the management, transparency, and oversight of USDA Federal financial
assistance awards.

Clarifying conflict of interest requirements for USDA awarding agencies reduces agency
burden and improves the management and oversight of USDA Federal financial
assistance awards. The proposed language identifies timeframes for discovery of conflicts
of interest which enables uniformity in the approach of this process across USDA’s
awarding agencies.

Adding conforming language to adhere to the April 22, 2024 OMB updates to 2 CFR part
200 satisfies direction provided in OMB Memorandum M-24-11 and mitigates any
potential conflict between 2 CFR part 200 and 2 CFR Chapter IV.

2 CFR part 401 – [Reserved]
Current Regulation: Part 401 is currently reserved.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes to add a new part 401 that identifies the USDA
policy for the implementation of waivers to the Build America, Buy America (BABA)

Act domestic content procurement preferences for Federal financial assistance programs
and projects, as required by 2 CFR 184.7b.

Reasons: The proposed language ensures USDA compliance with regulatory
requirements. It additionally, transparently identifies to the public the processes by which
USDA ensures full compliance with the statutory requirements related to issuing waivers
to the BABA domestic content procurement preference for Federal financial assistance
programs and projects.

2 CFR part 415 – General Program Administrative Regulations
Current Regulation: Part 415 establishes standards for competition in the awarding of
discretionary grants and cooperative agreements, requires the acknowledgement of
USDA support on publications and audiovisuals, and establishes the regulatory
framework for compliance with intergovernmental review of USDA programs.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes to make several updates at this section.

USDA proposed updates that clarify requirements related to the competition of
discretionary grants and cooperative agreements. This includes the dissemination of
notices of funding opportunities, the selection of independent reviewers for the conduct
of merit review, conflict of interests related to the conduct of merit review, the treatment
of unsolicited applications and related materials, exceptions to requirements for
competition in discretionary grants and cooperative agreements, and inherently
governmental functions related to financial assistance administration.

Additional proposed updates include modernizing the requirements for acknowledgement
of USDA support and intergovernmental review of USDA programs and activities. Plain
language updates and technical corrections are additionally proposed at this part.

Reasons: The proposed updates related to the competition of discretionary grants and
agreements demonstrate USDA’s commitment to upholding the direction related to
competition originally provided by the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of
1977 (31 U.S.C. 6301-6308). The establishment of direction related to the dissemination
of notices of funding opportunities are intended to foster an increase in innovation,
competition, and diversity in applicants to discretionary grants and cooperative
agreements funding opportunities. Broad dissemination and a deliberate focus on
identifying the greatest number and diversity of potential applicants may additionally
decrease burden on prospective first-time applicants unfamiliar with USDA programs.
The proposed language related to merit review enhance the conduct of that process at
USDA by providing clarification and additional direction on USDA awarding agency
procedures.

Proposed language related to the treatment of unsolicited applications and related
materials reflect the modernization and digitization of many grants administration
processes. In addition, these updates will decrease agency burden while retaining
flexibility and discretion to make awards following unsolicited applications.

Proposed changes to the noncompetitive justification statements reflect modernization of
these statements, which were first established in 1986. These updates enhance the
transparency of noncompetitive awards, which are critical to the function of USDA
programs and activities, and identify agency flexibility in establishing alternative

exceptions to competition subject to approval by the Secretary of Agriculture and OMB.
In addition, the requirement that any additional noncompetitive justification statements
that may be established by USDA awarding agencies be made publicly available will
decrease burden on prospective applicants who may be unfamiliar with USDA
noncompetitive discretionary grant and cooperative agreement programs.

In addition, proposed changes to this section incorporate direction related to inherently
governmental functions as established by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy
(OFPP) Policy Letter 11-01, which includes considerations related to financial assistance.
This change will strengthen the overall administration of financial assistance
administration by providing clear direction to USDA awarding agencies.

Further proposed changes modernize the acknowledgement of USDA support on
information dissemination products, which ensures broad coverage of materials produced
with USDA Federal financial assistance support. Expansion of the terminology used at
this part, which was established in 1981 and presently refers only to publications and
audiovisuals, provides coverage for digital products.

Finally, USDA proposed minor corrections and plain language updates at Subpart C,
related to intergovernmental review, which will ensure the currency and accessibility of
information available to the public.

2 CFR part 416 – General Program Administrative Regulations for Grants and
Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments
Current Regulation: Part 416 provides special procurement provisions applicable to
certain USDA entitlement programs.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes a technical correction to the citation to 2 CFR
200.101(f) in paragraphs (a) and (b); this citation currently refers only to parts 4 through
6 of that section but is proposed to refer to parts 4 through 7. In addition, USDA is
proposing to remove the citation to 2 CFR 200.319(c) in paragraph (b) as a conforming
update to adhere to the April 22, 2024 OMB updates to 2 CFR part 200. Finally, USDA is
proposing plain language updates to this part.

Reasons: The proposed change to the citation to 2 CFR 200.101(f) in paragraphs (a) and
(b) is a technical correction because the programs referred to at 2 CFR 200.101(f)(7)
were previously covered by USDA’s former regulations at 7 CFR part 3016 at time of
initial implementation in 1988. When USDA initially adopted the Uniform Guidance in
2014 and removed 7 CFR part 3016, the citation included in the new 2 CFR part 416
should have included the programs at 2 CFR 200.101(f)(7). The change proposed in this
NPRM simply corrects the citation and no change in program delivery or operation is
anticipated.

Next, the proposed change at paragraph (b), to remove the citation to 2 CFR 200.319(c),
is prompted by OMB’s removal of that paragraph in the April 22, 2024 OMB updates to
2 CFR part 200.

Finally, plain language updates proposed at this section ensure the currency and
accessibility of information available to the public.

2 CFR part 417 – Nonprocurement Debarment and Suspension

Current Regulation: Part 417 adopts the OMB guidance in subparts A through I of 2 CFR
part 180, as supplemented by the same part.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes to remove language that is duplicative of that
found at 2 CFR part 180. USDA proposes to make conforming updates to the sections
which serve as the USDA supplement to 2 CFR part 180. Plain language updates and
technical corrections are additionally proposed at this part.

Reasons: The removal of language which simply duplicates that found at 2 CFR part 180
streamlines USDA’s regulations at this chapter overall. This proposed update will
decrease applicant burden in understanding what nonprocurement debarment and
suspension requirements may apply. The proposed updates to the remainder of the
language of this part reflect required updates, including minor technical corrections and
the update of references to the former EPLS system which was consolidated into
SAM.gov. Technical corrections and plain language updates proposed at this section
ensure the currency and accessibility of information available to the public.

2 CFR part 418 – New Restrictions on Lobbying
Current Regulation: Part 418 provides the USDA adoption of the Byrd Anti-Lobbying
Amendment common rule.

Proposed Regulation: Proposed changes to this section rescind Subpart F along with
conforming updates to support its removal, as well as the recission of Appendix B to Part
418. Plain language updates and technical corrections are additionally proposed at this
part.

Reasons: Subpart F was removed from the OMB government-wide guidance on lobbying
in 1996. Its removal clarifies expectations for USDA awarding agencies and reduces
administrative burden. In addition, the removal of Appendix B to Part 418 ensures that
USDA awarding agencies and the public may access only the most updated version of the
form reproduced at that section (SF-LLL). The most current version of that document is
approved by OMB and may be found on Grants.gov. Finally, technical corrections and
plain language updates proposed at this section ensure the currency and accessibility of
information available to the public.

2 CFR part 421 – Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace (Financial Assistance)
Current Regulation: Part 421 adopts the OMB guidance in subparts A through F of 2
CFR part 182, as supplemented by the same part.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes technical corrections to citations at this section.

Reasons: Technical corrections at this section ensure the currency of information
available to the public.

2 CFR part 422 – Research Institutions Conducting USDA-Funded Extramural Research;
Research Misconducts
Current Regulation: Part 422 provides the USDA required implementation of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP’s) Federal Policy on Research Misconduct,
which provides the USDA regulatory framework on research integrity, which includes
provisions for inquiry, investigation, adjudication, and appeal of research misconduct.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes minor technical corrections, including fixing
spelling errors, improving plain language, and updating citations. Information regarding
the USDA OIG is proposed to conform with organizational updates of that office, as well
as related contact information. In addition, USDA proposes to expand the definition of
“research institution” to provide clarity on the application of the policy. Finally, USDA
proposes to clarify that agency implementation procedures, which identify the
administrative actions available to remedy a finding of research misconduct, will be made
available on a public USDA website.

Reasons: Technical corrections and plain language updates proposed at this section
ensure the currency and accessibility of information available to the public. Clarification
of the definition of “research institution” will improve public understanding of the
applicability of the policy. Requiring agency implementation procedures to be posted on
a public website increases transparency of this policy to the public.

2 CFR part 423 – [Reserved]
Current Regulation: Part 423 is currently reserved.

Proposed Regulation: USDA proposes to add a new part 423 that would supplement the
disclosure requirements found at 43 U.S.C. 2808(b)(3) to require Federal financial
instruments which involve the acquisition, storage, or distribution of geospatial data to
include terms and conditions to require that recipients comply with law, regulation, and
USDA policy.

Reasons: Requiring USDA awarding agencies to include award terms and conditions in
each applicable financial instrument ensures a uniform application of the disclosure

requirements required at 43 U.S.C. 2808(b)(3) across the landscape of USDA Federal
financial assistance.

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
Executive Order 12866, “Regulatory Planning and Review” and Executive Order
13563, “Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review” direct agencies to assess all costs
and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select
regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits. The assessment should include
potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts,
and equity. Executive Order 13563 emphasized the importance of quantifying both costs
and benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. The
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) designated this proposed rule as not
significant under Executive Order 12866, “Regulatory Planning and Review,” and
therefore, OMB has not reviewed it.
Executive Order 12988
This proposed rule has been reviewed under E.O. 12988 on “Civil Justice Reform.” This
proposed rule would not preempt state or local laws, regulations, or policies unless they
represent an irreconcilable conflict with it.
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA, Pub. L. No. 104–4)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local,
and Tribal governments, or the private sector. Agencies generally must prepare a written
statement, including cost benefits analysis, for proposed and final rules with Federal
mandates that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more in any 1 year for State,
local or Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector. UMRA generally

requires agencies to consider alternatives and adopt the more cost effective or least
burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. This proposed rule
contains no Federal mandates, as defined in Title II of UMRA, for State, local, and Tribal
governments, or the private sector. Therefore, it is not subject to the requirements of
sections 202 and 205 of UMRA.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule has been reviewed in compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act
(44 U.S.C. 3501–3520). It does not have any information collection requirements.
USDA Non-Discrimination Policy
In accordance with Federal civil rights law and USDA civil rights regulations and
policies, the USDA, its agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in
or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race,
color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual
orientation, disability, age, marital status, family or parental status, income derived from
a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights
activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to
all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.
Individuals who require alternative means of communication for program information
(for example, braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should
contact the responsible agency or the USDA TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice
and text telephone (TTY)) or dial 711 for Telecommunications Relay Service (both voice
and text telephone users can initiate this call from any telephone). Additionally, program
information may be made available in languages other than English.

To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at https://www.usda.gov/oascr/how-to-file-aprogram-discrimination-complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to
USDA and provide in the letter all the information requested in the form. To request a
copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632–9992. Submit your completed form or letter
to USDA by: (1) mail to: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 202509410; (2) fax: (202) 690–7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.
List of Subjects in Chapter IV
2 CFR part 400
•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Administrative practice and procedure

•

Federal financial assistance programs

2 CFR Part 401
•

Federal financial assistance programs

•

Construction Industry

2 CFR Part 415
•

Agriculture programs

•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Administrative practice and procedure

2 CFR Part 416
•

Agriculture programs

•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Administrative practice and procedure

•

Government procurement procedure

2 CFR Part 417
•

Administrative practice and procedure; Grant programs; Loan programs;
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements

2 CFR Part 418
•

Lobbying procedures

•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Government procurement procedure

2 CFR Part 421
•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Administrative practice and procedure

•

Drugs

2 CFR Part 422
•

Agricultural research

•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

•

Administrative practice and procedure

2 CFR Part 423
•

Reporting and recordkeeping requirements

•

Administration of Federal financial assistance

For the reasons stated in the preamble, USDA proposes to amend 2 CFR Chapter IV to
read as follows:
1. Revise part 400 to read as follows:

PART 400—UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, COST PRINCIPLES,
AND AUDIT REQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERAL AWARDS
Sec.
400.0 Definitions.
400.1 Applicability.
400.2 Conflict of interest.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 2 CFR part 200.
§ 400.0 Definitions.
The definitions in this part are for terms used in this chapter, and to define for USDA
terms present in 2 CFR Subtitle A but not defined in that subtitle. Different definitions
may be found in Federal statutes, regulations, or other sources that apply more
specifically to particular programs or activities. Where parts of this chapter provide
alternate definitions than those in this part, those definitions take precedence over any
definition in this part. For terms used in this chapter that are not defined in this part, the
definitions in 2 CFR part 200 apply. All terms not otherwise defined will use the
dictionary definition.
Audiovisual means a product containing visual imagery or sound or both. Examples of
audiovisuals are motion pictures, live or prerecorded radio or television programs, slide
shows, filmstrips, audio recordings, and multimedia presentations.
Awarding official means a person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or
terminate financial assistance awards and make related determinations and findings.

Construction means construction, alteration, or repair (including dredging, excavating,
and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property. For purposes of this
definition, the terms "buildings, structures, or other real property" include, but are not
limited to, improvements of all types, such as bridges, dams, plants, highways, parkways,
streets, subways, tunnels, sewers, mains, power lines, cemeteries, pumping stations,
railways, airport facilities, terminals, docks, piers, wharves, ways, lighthouses, buoys,
jetties, breakwaters, levees, canals, and channels. For the purposes of 2 CFR part 184,
construction also encompasses structures, facilities, and equipment incorporated into an
infrastructure project regardless of whether they constitute real property.
Department means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Discretionary award means an award in which the Federal awarding agency, in keeping
with specific statutory authority that enables the agency to exercise judgment
(“discretion”), selects the recipient and/or the amount of Federal funding awarded
through a competitive process or based on merit of proposals. A discretionary award may
be selected by a USDA awarding agency on a non-competitive basis exclusively under
the conditions set forth at 2 CFR 415.1.
Eligible applications means those materials which have been submitted by a recipient for
consideration for an award of Federal financial assistance and have been determined to
comply with the minimum documentation and other requirements, which may be
identified in respective notices of funding opportunities and applicable Federal statutes or
regulations that apply more specifically to particular programs or activities.
Federal financial assistance support means the transfer of anything of value by a USDA
awarding agency through a Federal financial assistance instrument as defined at 2 CFR
part 200.1, inclusive of Federally funded subawards and subcontracts under such

instruments, to a recipient. Such support may be provided as a cash or in-kind
contribution.
Geospatial data means information that is tied to a location on the Earth, including by
identifying the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed features
and boundaries on the Earth, and that is generally represented in vector datasets by
points, lines, polygons, or other complex geographic features or phenomena; may be
derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies;
includes images and raster datasets, aerial photographs, and other forms of geospatial
data or datasets in digitized or non-digitized form.
Information means any communication or representation of knowledge, such as facts,
data, or opinions in any medium or form, including textual, numerical, graphic,
cartographic, narrative, or audiovisual forms.
Information dissemination product means any recorded information, regardless of
physical form or characteristics, disseminated to the public.
Maintenance means those activities conducted for the repair or upkeep of buildings,
structures, facilities, and equipment which neither add to the permanent value of the
property nor appreciably prolong its intended life, but keep it in an efficient operating
condition.
Production of an audiovisual means any steps that lead to a finished audiovisual,
including but not limited to design, layout, script-writing, filming, editing, fabrication,
sound recording or taping. The term does not include the placing of captions to make
accessible films or videotapes not originally produced for use by individuals who are
Deaf or hard of hearing.
Secretary means the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

USDA means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
USDA awarding agency means any component agency or staff office of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture which provides any Federal financial assistance to or executes
a Federal financial assistance instrument with a recipient.

§ 400.1 Applicability.
This part adopts the OMB guidance in subparts A through F of 2 CFR part 200, as
supplemented by this chapter, as USDA policies and procedures for uniform
administrative requirements, cost principles, and audit requirements for Federal awards.
It thereby gives regulatory effect for the USDA to the OMB guidance, as supplemented
by this chapter.

§ 400.2 Conflict of interest.
(a) Each USDA awarding agency must establish conflict of interest policies for its
Federal financial assistance actions. Each USDA awarding agency employee must
comply with the requirements set forth at 5 CFR part 2635, as well as 5 CFR part 8301
where applicable, when the USDA employee takes any action related to Federal financial
assistance.
(b) Recipients must disclose in writing any potential conflicts of interest to the USDA
awarding agency or pass-through entity.
(1) Recipients must maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest
and governing the performance of their employees in the selection, award and
administration of Federal awards. No employee, officer or agent may participate in the

selection, award, or administration of a Federal award if he or she has a real or apparent
conflict of interest. Such a conflict of interest would arise when the employee, officer, or
agent, any member of his or her immediate family, his or her partner, or an organization
which employs or is about to employ any of the parties indicated herein, has a financial
or other interest in or a tangible personal benefit from an entity considered for a Federal
award. The recipient may set standards for situations in which the financial interest is not
substantial or the gift is an unsolicited item of nominal value. The standards of conduct
must provide for disciplinary actions to be applied for violations of such standards by
officers, employees, or agents of the recipient.
(2) If the recipient has a parent, affiliate, or subsidiary organization that is not a state,
local government, or Indian tribe, the non-Federal entity must also maintain written
standards of conduct covering organizational conflicts of interest. Organizational
conflicts of interest means that because of the relationships with a parent company,
affiliate, or subsidiary organization, the recipient is unable or appears to be unable to be
impartial in conducting a Federal award action involving a related organization.
(3) Recipients must establish internal controls that include, at a minimum, procedures to
identify, disclose, and mitigate or eliminate identified conflicts of interest. Recipients are
responsible for notifying the respective USDA awarding agency in writing of any
conflicts of interest that may arise during the period of performance of an award,
including those which have been reported by subrecipients, no later than 5 calendar days
following discovery. Upon receipt of such a disclosure, the respective USDA awarding
agency must review and make a determination in writing if a potential or real conflict of
interest exists and develop a plan for addressing or mitigating the issue, which may
include remedies found at 2 CFR 200.339. USDA awarding agencies must make a
determination within 30 calendar days of disclosure unless a longer period of time is
necessary due to the complexity of the situation.

2. Add part 401 to read as follows:
PART 401—BUY AMERICA PREFERENCES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Sec.
401.1 What does this part do?
401.2 Waivers.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 1294; 2 CFR part 184; 2 CFR part
200.
§ 401.1 What does this part do?
This part identifies the USDA policy for the implementation of waivers to the domestic
content procurement preferences as required by 2 CFR 184.7(b).
§ 401.2 Waivers.
On its public website, USDA must maintain waiver request submission instructions and
guidance on the format, contents, and supporting materials required for waiver requests
by which:
(a) USDA awarding agencies may request waivers to the application of the Buy America
Preference; and,
(b) Prime recipients and subrecipients may request project-specific waivers from the
respective USDA awarding agencies to the application of the Buy America Preference.

3. Revise part 415 to read as follows:
PART 415—GENERAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
Subpart A—Application for Federal Assistance
Sec.
415.1 Administrative standards for discretionary grants and cooperative agreements.
Subpart B— Miscellaneous
Sec.
415.2 Acknowledgement of USDA Support on Information Dissemination Products.
Subpart C—Intergovernmental Review of Department of Agriculture Programs and
Activities
Sec.
415.3 Purpose.
415.4 Definitions.
415.5 Applicability.
415.6 Secretary's general responsibilities.
415.7 Federal interagency coordination.
415.8 State selection of programs and activities.
415.9 Communication with State and local elected officials.
415.10 State comments on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal
development.
415.11 Processing comments.

415.12 Accommodation of intergovernmental concerns.
415.13 Interstate situations.
415.14 Simplification, consolidation, or substitution of State plans.
415.15 Waivers.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 31 U.S.C. 901-903; 2 CFR part 200; 7 CFR 2.28.
Subpart A—Application for Federal Assistance
§ 415.1 Administrative standards for discretionary grants and cooperative agreements.
(a) All USDA awarding agencies must demonstrate a commitment to encouraging free
and open competition in all discretionary grant and cooperative agreement funding
opportunities. USDA awarding agencies must ensure that all eligible applications for
discretionary grants and cooperative agreements receive fair and impartial review, be
evaluated only on criteria as stated in the respective notice of funding opportunity, and
that no applicant receive an unfair advantage.
(b) USDA awarding agencies must enter into discretionary grants and cooperative
agreements only after competition. Exceptions to this requirement may only be made by
USDA awarding agencies where expressly provided by statute, when directed by
Congress, where the requirement is determined to be inconsistent with international
assistance objectives of USDA, or as specified in paragraph (d) or as approved by the
Secretary and OMB under paragraph (e). A USDA awarding agency’s competitive award
process must adhere to the following standards:
(1) All notices of funding opportunities for discretionary grants and cooperative
agreements must be published on Grants.gov as described in 2 CFR 200.204(a). When

notices of funding opportunities contain an information collection requirement subject to
the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) or its implementing regulations at
5 CFR part 1320, USDA awarding agencies must seek and obtain OMB approval before
collecting information from the public.
(i) Supplementary to the requirements at paragraph (b)(1), USDA awarding agencies may
make use of other methods of disseminating public information concerning notices of
funding opportunities. In doing so, USDA awarding agencies must:
(A) Pursue the broadest dissemination of information concerning notices of funding
opportunities in order to reach the greatest number and diversity of potential applicants.
(B) Avoid any appearance that an unfair advantage has been provided to any entity,
inclusive of the memberships or networks of such entities, which may arise from the use
of any dissemination method.
(C) Provide only public information concerning notices of funding opportunities.
(D) Seek the greatest cost savings to the Government, whenever possible.
(ii) Nothing in this part will be interpreted as to limit, impede, or otherwise prevent the
attendance of any USDA awarding agency’s staff, acting in their official capacity, at a
conference, event, or similar activity, for the purposes of disseminating public
information concerning notices of funding opportunities.
(2) Applications must be evaluated objectively by independent reviewers in accordance
with evaluation criteria set forth in writing by the USDA awarding agency. USDA
awarding agencies must establish written procedures to gain reasonable assurance that
individuals selected to serve as independent reviewers are qualified to conduct any
assigned review activity and that applications are scored by independent reviewers solely
on the basis of criteria announced in the respective published notice of funding

opportunity. Independent reviewers must make written comments or make a written
determination of scoring, as appropriate, concerning each application to which they are
assigned.
(i) Independent reviewers may be from the private or public sector, including another
Federal agency, or within the awarding agency. Independent reviewers must not be any
individual who holds or has been delegated approval or award authority for the
applications being reviewed or components thereof.
(ii) Anyone who has or might appear to have a conflict of interest with any element of an
application considered for selection or funding will be ineligible to serve as an
independent reviewer. A conflict of interest might arise when the prospective
independent reviewer, the reviewer’s immediate family members, or the reviewer’s
partner, have been associated with the applicant or applicant organization within the past
two years as an owner, partner, officer, director, employee, or consultant; has any
financial or other interest in or tangible personal benefit from the applicant or applicant
organizations; or is negotiating for, or has any arrangement, concerning prospective
employment.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (b), unless directed by Congress or authorized by statute,
USDA awarding agencies may, but are not required to, review, evaluate for eligibility, or
otherwise consider for funding any unsolicited application, proposal materials, ideas,
pitches, or any other request for Federal funds provided by any entity for the purpose of
obtaining Federal financial assistance.
(c) The final decision to award is at the discretion of the awarding official in each USDA
awarding agency. The awarding official must consider the ranking, comments, and
recommendations from the respective independent reviewers, and any other pertinent
information before deciding which applications to approve and their order of approval.

Any appeals by applicants regarding the awarding decision must be handled by the
awarding agency using existing, written agency appeal procedures.
(d) The awarding official may make a determination that competition is not deemed
appropriate for a particular transaction. Such determination must be made in writing on a
case-by-case basis and be limited to transactions where it can be adequately justified that
a noncompetitive award is in the best interest of the Government and necessary to the
accomplishment of the goals of USDA. Reasons for considering noncompetitive awards
are:
(1) Nonmonetary awards of property or services.
(2) Awards of less than $100,000.
(3) Awards to fund continuing work already started under a previous award for which
competition for continued support would have a significant adverse effect on continuity
or completion of the activity.
(4) Time constraints associated with a public health, safety, welfare, or national security
requirement preclude competition.
(e) USDA awarding agencies may establish alternate exceptions from competition for
discretionary awards. All such alternative exceptions will be subject to review and
approval both by the Secretary and by OMB, pursuant to pursuant to 2 CFR 200.102, and
2 CFR 200.107 when applicable, and publicly set forth in writing by the USDA awarding
agency.
(f) All actions taken USDA awarding agencies for the purpose of accomplishing any
element of Federal financial assistance programs, awards, and any related or subsequent
transactions, must comply with the direction set forth in Office of Federal Procurement
Policy (OFPP) Policy Letter 11-01 and successor policy regarding the performance of

inherently governmental and critical functions.

Subpart B—Miscellaneous
§ 415.2 Acknowledgement of USDA Support on Information Dissemination Products.
Recipients must have an acknowledgement of USDA awarding agency support placed on
any information dissemination products produced with any Federal financial assistance
support, including those which report the results or, or describe, a Federal financial
assistance-supported activity.
(a) Unless the provisions of the Federal financial assistance award make it apply, this
requirement does not apply to:
(1) Audiovisuals produced as research instruments or for documenting experimentation
or findings and not intended for presentation or distribution to the public.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) USDA awarding agencies must require award terms and conditions imposed for the
specific purpose of complying with law, regulation, or USDA policy, related to the
acknowledgement of USDA awarding agency Federal financial assistance support.

Subpart C— Intergovernmental Review of Department of Agriculture Programs and
Activities
§ 415.3 Purpose.
(a) The regulations in this part implement Executive Order 12372, “Intergovernmental
Review of Federal Programs”, issued July 14, 1982, and amended on April 8, 1983.
These regulations also implement applicable provisions of section 401 of the

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1968 and section 204 of the Demonstration Cities
and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966.
(b) These regulations are intended to foster an intergovernmental partnership and a
strengthened Federalism by relying on State processes and on State, areawide, regional
and local coordination for review of proposed Federal financial assistance and direct
Federal development.
(c) The regulations are intended to aid the internal management of the Department, and
are not intended to create any right or benefit enforceable at law by a party against the
Department or its officers.
§ 415.4 Definitions.
As used in this part, the following definitions apply:
Order means Executive Order 12372, issued July 14, 1982, and amended April 8, 1983,
and titled Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs.
State means any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands.
§ 415.5 Applicability.
The Secretary must publish, no less than annually, a list of the Department's programs
and activities that are subject to these regulations and identifies which of these are subject
to the requirements of section 204 of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan
Development Act. This list must be available on the USDA’s public website.
§ 415.6 Secretary's general responsibilities.

(a) The Secretary provides opportunities for consultation by elected officials of those
State and local governments that would provide the non-Federal funds for, or that would
be directly affected by, proposed Federal financial assistance from, or direct Federal
development by, the Department.
(b) If a State adopts a process under the Order to review and coordinate proposed Federal
financial assistance and direct Federal development, the Secretary, to the extent permitted
by law:
(1) Uses the State process to determine official views of State and local elected officials;
(2) Communicates with State and local elected officials as early in a program planning
cycle as is reasonably feasible to explain specific plans and actions;
(3) Makes efforts to accommodate State and local elected officials' concerns with
proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development that are
communicated through the State process;
(4) Allows the States to simplify and consolidate existing Federally required State plan
submissions;
(5) Where State planning and budgeting systems are sufficient and where permitted by
law, encourages the substitution of State plans for Federally required State plans;
(6) Seeks the coordination of views of affected State and local elected officials in one
State with those of another State when proposed Federal financial assistance or direct
Federal development has an impact on interstate metropolitan urban centers or other
interstate areas; and
(7) Supports State and local governments by discouraging the reauthorization or creation
of any planning organization which is Federally funded, which has a limited purpose, and

which is not adequately representative of, or accountable to, State or local elected
officials.
§ 415.7 Federal interagency coordination.
The Secretary, to the extent practicable, consults with and seeks advice from all other
substantially affected Federal departments and agencies in an effort to assure full
coordination between such agencies and the Department regarding programs and
activities covered under these regulations.
§ 415.8 State selection of programs and activities.
(a) A State may select any program or activity published in the Federal Register or on
Grants.gov, in accordance with § 415.5 for intergovernmental review under these
regulations. Each State, before selecting programs and activities, must consult with local
elected officials.
(b) Each State that adopts a process must notify the Secretary of the Department’s
programs and activities selected for that process.
(c) A State may notify the Secretary of changes in its selections at any time. For each
change, the State must submit to the Secretary an assurance that the State has consulted
with elected local officials regarding the change. The Department may establish deadlines
by which States are required to inform the Secretary of changes in their program
selections.
(d) The Secretary uses a State's process as soon as feasible, depending on individual
programs and activities, after the Secretary is notified of its selections.
§ 415.9 Communication with State and local elected officials.

(a) The Secretary provides notice to directly affected State, areawide, regional, and local
entities in a State of proposed Federal financial assistance or direct Federal development
if:
(1) The State has not adopted a process under the Order; or
(2) The assistance or development involves a program or an activity that is not covered
under the State process.
(b) This notice may be made by publication in the Federal Register or other appropriate
means, which the Department in its discretion deems appropriate.
(c) In order to facilitate communication with State and local officials the Secretary has
established an office within the Department to receive all communications pertinent to
this Order. Communications should be sent to:
(1) The Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Room 143-W, 1400 Independence Avenue
SW., Washington, DC 20250, Attention: E.O. 12372; or,
(2) As identified on the USDA’s public website, an email address for electronic
communications.
§ 415.10 State comments on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal
development.
(a) Except in unusual circumstances, the Secretary gives State processes or directly
affected State, areawide, regional, and local officials and entities:
(1) At least 30 days from the date established by the Secretary to comment on proposed
Federal financial assistance in the form of noncompetitive continuation awards; and

(2) At least 60 days from the date established by the Secretary to comment on proposed
direct Federal development or Federal financial assistance other than noncompetitive
continuation awards.
(b) This section also applies to comments in cases in which the review, coordination and
communication with the Department have been delegated.
(c) Applicants for programs and activities subject to section 204 of the Demonstration
Cities and Metropolitan Development Act must allow areawide agencies a 60-day
opportunity for review and comment.
§ 415.11 Processing comments.
(a) The Secretary follows the procedures in § 415.12 if:
(1) A State office or official is designated to act as a single point of contact between a
State process and all Federal agencies; and
(2) That office or official transmits a State process recommendation for a program
selected under § 415.8.
(b)(1) The single point of contact is not obligated to transmit comments from State,
areawide, regional or local officials and entities where there is no State process
recommendation.
(2) If a State process recommendation is transmitted by a single point of contact, all
comments from State, areawide, regional and local officials and entities that differ from it
must also be transmitted.
(c) If a State has not established a process, or is unable to submit a State process
recommendation, State, areawide, regional and local officials and entities may submit
comments either to the applicant or to the Department.

(d) If a program or activity is not selected by a State process, State, areawide, regional
and local officials and entities may submit comments either to the applicant or to the
Department. In addition, if a State process recommendation for a non-selected program or
activity is transmitted to the Department by the single point of contact, the Secretary
follows the procedures of § 415.12.
(e) The Secretary considers comments which do not constitute a State process
recommendation submitted under these regulations and for which the Secretary is not
required to apply the procedures of § 415.12, when such comments are provided by a
single point of contact by the applicant, or directly to the Department by a commenting
party.
§ 415.12 Accommodation of intergovernmental concerns.
(a) If a State process provides a State process recommendation to the Department through
its single point of contact, the Secretary either—
(1) Accepts the recommendations;
(2) Reaches a mutually agreeable solution with the State process; or
(3) Provides the single point of contact with a written explanation of the decision, as
determined by the Secretary. The Secretary may also supplement the written explanation
by also providing the explanation to the single point of contact by telephone, other
telecommunication, or other means.
(b) In any explanation under paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the Secretary informs the
single point of contact that:
(1) The Department will not implement its decision for at least ten days after the single
point of contact receives the explanation; or

(2) The Secretary has reviewed the decision and determined that, because of unusual
circumstances, the waiting period of at least ten days is not feasible.
(c) For purposes of computing the waiting period under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a
single point of contact is presumed to have received written notification five days after
the date of mailing of such notification.
§ 415.13 Interstate situations.
(a) The Secretary is responsible for:
(1) Identifying proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development that
have an impact on interstate areas;
(2) Notifying appropriate officials in States which have adopted a process and which
selected the Department's program or activity;
(3) Making efforts to identify and notify the affected State, areawide, regional and local
officials and entities in those States that have not adopted a process under the Order or do
not select the Department's program or activity; and
(4) Responding, pursuant to § 415.12, if the Secretary receives a recommendation from a
designated areawide agency transmitted by a single point of contact, in cases in which the
review, coordination, and communication with the Department have been delegated.
(b) The Secretary uses the procedures in § 415.12 if a State process provides a State
process recommendation to the Department through a single point of contact.
§ 415.14 Simplification, consolidation, or substitution of State plans.
(a) As used in this section:
(1) Simplify means that a State may develop its own format, choose its own submission
date, and select the planning period for a State plan.

(2) Consolidate means that a State may meet statutory and regulatory requirements by
combining two or more plans into one document and that the State can select the format,
submission date, and the planning period for the consolidated plan.
(3) Substitute means that a State may use a plan or other document that it has developed
for its own purposes to meet Federal requirements.
(b) If not inconsistent with law, a State may decide to try to simplify, consolidate, or
substitute Federally required State plans without prior approval by the Secretary.
(c) The Secretary reviews each State plan a State has simplified, consolidated or
substituted and accepts the plan only if its contents meet Federal requirements.
§ 415.15 Waivers.
In an emergency, the Secretary may waive any provision in Subpart C—
Intergovernmental Review of Department of Agriculture Programs and Activities, 2 CFR
415.3 to 415.14.

4. Revise part 416 to read as follows:
PART 416—GENERAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS FOR
GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
Sec.
416.1 Special procurement provisions.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 31 U.S.C. 901-903; 7 CFR 2.28.

§ 416.1 Special procurement provisions.
(a) In order to ensure objective contractor performance and eliminate unfair competitive
advantage, a prospective contractor that develops or drafts specifications, requirements,
statements of work, invitations for bids, request for proposals, contract term and
conditions or other documents for use by a State in conducting a procurement under the
USDA entitlement programs specified in 2 CFR 200.101(f)(4) through (7) must be
excluded from competing for such procurements. Such prospective contractors are
ineligible for contract awards resulting from such procurements regardless of the
procurement method used. However, prospective contractors may provide States with
specification information related to a State procurement under the USDA entitlement
programs specified in 2 CFR 200.101(f)(4) through (7) and still compete for the
procurement if the State, and not the prospective contractor, develops or drafts the
specifications, requirements, statements of work, invitations for bid, and/or requests for
proposals used to conduct the procurement.
(b) Procurements by States under USDA entitlement programs specified in 2 CFR
200.101(f)(4) through (7) must be conducted in a manner that prohibits the use of
statutorily or administratively imposed in-State or local geographic preferences.

5. Revise part 417 to read as follows:
PART 417—NONPROCUREMENT DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION
Sec.
417.10 What does this part do?
417.20 Does this part apply to me?

417.30 What policies and procedures must I follow?
Subpart A—General
417.137 Who in the USDA may grant an exception to let an excluded person participate
in a covered transaction?
Subpart B—Covered Transactions
417.210 Which nonprocurement transactions are covered transactions?
417.215 Which nonprocurement transactions, in addition to those listed in 2 CFR
180.215, are not covered transactions?
417.220 Are any procurement contracts included as covered transactions?
417.221 How would the exclusions from coverage for the USDA's foreign assistance
programs apply?
417.222 How would the exclusions from coverage for the USDA's export credit
guarantee and direct credit programs apply?
Subpart C—Responsibilities of Participants Regarding Transactions
417.332 What methods must I use to pass down requirements to participants in lower-tier
covered transactions with whom I intend to do business?
Subpart D—Responsibilities of Department of Agriculture Officials Regarding
Transactions
417.437 What method do I use to communicate to a participant the requirements
described in the OMB guidance at 2 CFR 180.435?
Subpart E—[Reserved]
Subpart F—[Reserved]

Subpart G—Suspension
417.755 When will I know whether the USDA suspension is continued or terminated?
Subpart H—Debarment
417.865 How long may my debarment last?
417.870 When do I know if the USDA debarring official debars me?
Subpart I—Definitions
417.930 Debarring official (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2 CFR
180.930).
417.935 Disqualified (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2 CFR
180.935).
417.1010 Suspending official (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2
CFR 180.1010).
Subpart J—[Reserved]

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 7 U.S.C. 2209j; Sec. 2455, Pub. L. 103–355, 108 Stat. 3327 (31
U.S.C. 6101 note); Pub. L. 101–576, 104 Stat. 2838; E.O. 12549 (51 FR 6370, 3 CFR,
1986 Comp., p. 189); E.O. 12689 (54 FR 34131, 3 CFR, 1989 Comp., p. 235); 2 CFR
part 180; 7 CFR 2.28.
§ 417.10 What does this part do?
This part adopts the OMB guidance in subparts A through I of 2 CFR part 180, as
supplemented by this part, as the USDA policies and procedures for nonprocurement
debarment and suspension. It thereby gives regulatory effect for the USDA to the OMB

guidance, as supplemented by this part. For any section of OMB guidance in subparts A
through I of 2 CFR part 180 that has no corresponding section in this part, USDA policies
and procedures are those in the OMB guidance. This part satisfies the requirements in
section 3 of Executive Order 12549, “Debarment and Suspension” (51 FR 6370, 3 CFR,
1986 Comp., p. 189), Executive Order 12689, “Debarment and Suspension” (54 FR
34131, 3 CFR, 1989 Comp., p. 235) and 31 U.S.C. 6101 note (Section 2455, Pub. L. 103355, 108 Stat. 3327).
§ 417.20 Does this part apply to me?
Through this part, pertinent portions of the OMB guidance in subparts A through I of 2
CFR part 180 (see table at 2 CFR 180.100(b)) apply to you if you are a:
(a) Participant or principal in a “covered transaction” (see subpart B of 2 CFR part 180
and the definition of “nonprocurement transaction” at 2 CFR 180.970, as supplemented
by §§ 417.215 and 417.220 of this part);
(b) Respondent in a USDA debarment and suspension action;
(c) USDA debarment or suspension official; or
(d) USDA grants officer, agreements officer, or other official authorized to enter into any
type of nonprocurement transaction that is a covered transaction.
§ 417.30 What policies and procedures must I follow?
The USDA policies and procedures that you must follow are the policies and procedures
specified in this regulation and each applicable section of the OMB guidance in subparts
A through I of 2 CFR part 180, as that section is supplemented by the section in this part
with the same section number. The contracts that are covered transactions, for example,
are specified by 2 CFR 180.220 as supplemented by § 417.220. For any section of OMB

guidance in subparts A through I of 2 CFR part 180 that has no corresponding section in
this part, USDA policies and procedures are those in the OMB guidance.
Subpart A—General
§ 417.137 Who in the USDA may grant an exception to let an excluded person participate
in a covered transaction?
Within the USDA, a debarring official may grant an exception to let an excluded person
participate in a covered transaction as provided under 2 CFR 180.135.
Subpart B—Covered Transactions
§ 417.210 Which nonprocurement transactions are covered transactions?
All nonprocurement transactions, as defined in 2 CFR 180.970, are covered transactions
unless listed in § 417.215.
§ 417.215 Which nonprocurement transactions, in addition to those listed in 2 CFR
180.215, are not covered transactions?
(a) Transactions not covered. In addition to the nonprocurement transactions listed in 2
CFR 180.215, the following nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions:
(1) An entitlement or mandatory award required by a statute, including a lower tier
entitlement or mandatory award that is required by a statute.
(2) The export or substitution of Federal timber governed by the Forest Resources
Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990, 16 U.S.C. 620 et seq. (The “Export Act”),
which prevents a debarred person from entering into any contract for the purchase of
unprocessed timber from Federal lands. See 16 U.S.C. 620d(d)(1)(A).

(3) The receipt of licenses, permits, certificates, and indemnification under regulatory
programs conducted in the interest of public health and safety, and animal and plant
health and safety.
(4) The receipt of official grading and inspection services, animal damage control
services, public health and safety inspection services, and animal and plant health and
safety inspection services.
(5) If the person is a State or local government, the provision of official grading and
inspection services, animal damage control services, animal and plant health and safety
inspection services.
(6) The receipt of licenses, permits, or certificates under regulatory programs conducted
in the interest of ensuring fair trade practices.
(7) Permits, licenses, exchanges and other acquisitions of real property, rights of way,
and easements under natural resource management programs.
(8) Any transaction to be implemented outside the United States that is below the primary
tier covered transaction in a USDA foreign assistance program.
(9) Any transaction to be implemented outside the United States that is below the primary
tier covered transaction in a USDA export credit guarantee program or direct credit
program.
(b) Limited requirement to check SAM.gov. Notwithstanding the fact that transactions to
be implemented outside the United States that are below the primary tier covered
transaction in a USDA foreign assistance program, export credit guarantee program or
direct credit program are not covered transactions, pursuant to paragraphs (a)(8) and (9)
of this section, primary tier participants under these programs must check SAM.gov prior

to entering into any transaction with a person at the first lower tier and must not enter into
such a transaction if the person is excluded or disqualified in SAM.gov.
(c) Exception. A cause for suspension or debarment under 2 CFR 180.700 or 2
CFR 180.800 may be based on the actions of a person with respect to a procurement or
nonprocurement transaction under a USDA program even if such transaction has been
excluded from covered transaction status by this section or § 417.220.
§ 417.220 Are any procurement contracts included as covered transactions?
In addition to the procurement contracts listed in 2 CFR 180.220, the following
procurement contracts are covered transactions:
(a) Specifically, a contract for goods or services is a covered transaction if any of the
following applies:
(1) The contract is awarded by a participant in a nonprocurement transaction covered
under § 417.210, and the contract amount is expected to equal or exceed $25,000.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) Any procurement contract to be implemented outside the United States that is below
the primary tier covered transaction in a USDA foreign assistance program is not a
covered transaction, notwithstanding the provisions in 2 CFR 180.220(a) and 2
CFR 180.220(b) and paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Any procurement contract to be implemented outside the United States that is below
the primary tier covered transaction in a USDA export credit guarantee program or direct
credit program is not a covered transaction, notwithstanding the provisions in 2 CFR
180.220(a) and 2 CFR 180.220(b) and paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) Notwithstanding the fact that procurement contracts to be implemented outside the
United States that are below the primary tier covered transaction in a USDA foreign
assistance program, export credit guarantee program or direct credit program are not
covered transactions, pursuant to paragraph (b) and (c) of this section, primary tier
participants under these programs must check SAM.gov prior to entering into any
procurement contract that is expected to equal or exceed $25,000 with a person at the first
lower tier and must not enter into such a procurement contract if the person is excluded or
disqualified in SAM.gov.
§ 417.221 How would the exclusions from coverage for the USDA's foreign assistance
programs apply?
The primary tier covered transaction would be the food aid grant agreement entered into
between USDA and a program participant, such as a U.S. private voluntary organization.
USDA would have to check SAM.gov before entering into the food aid grant agreement
to ensure that the U.S. private voluntary organization that would be the primary tier
participant is not excluded or disqualified. A transaction at the first lower tier might be a
subrecipient agreement between the U.S. private voluntary organization and a foreign
subrecipient of the commodities that were provided under the food aid grant agreement.
Pursuant to § 417.215(a)(8), this nonprocurement transaction would not be a covered
transaction. In addition, a transaction at the first lower tier might be a procurement
contract entered into between the U.S. private voluntary organization and a foreign entity
to provide supplies or services that are expected to equal or exceed $25,000 in value and
that are needed by such organization to implement activities under the food aid grant
agreement. Pursuant to § 417.220(b), this procurement contract would not be a covered
transaction. However, pursuant to §§ 417.215(b) and 417.220(d), the U.S. private
voluntary organization would be prohibited from entering into, at the first lower tier, an

agreement with a subrecipient or a procurement contract that is expected to equal or
exceed $25,000 with an entity that appears in SAM.gov as excluded or disqualified.
§ 417.222 How would the exclusions from coverage for the USDA's export credit
guarantee and direct credit programs apply?
(a) Export credit guarantee program. In the case of the export credit guarantee program,
the primary tier covered transaction would be the guarantee issued by the USDA to a
U.S. exporter. The U.S. exporter usually assigns the guarantee to a U.S. financial
institution, and this would create another primary tier covered transaction between USDA
and the U.S. financial institution. USDA would have to check the SAM.gov before
issuing a guarantee or accepting a guarantee assignment to ensure that the U.S. exporter
or financial institution that would be the primary tier participant is not excluded or
disqualified. A transaction at the first lower tier under the export credit guarantee
program might be a payment obligation of a foreign bank to the U.S. exporter to pay on
behalf of the importer for the exported U.S. commodities that are covered by the
guarantee. Similarly, a transaction at the first lower tier might be a payment obligation of
a foreign bank under an instrument, such as a loan agreement or letter of credit, to the
U.S. financial institution assigned the guarantee, which has paid the exporter for the
exported U.S. commodities and, in so doing, issued a loan to the foreign bank, which the
foreign bank is obligated to repay on deferred payment terms. Pursuant to
§ 417.215(a)(9), these nonprocurement transactions would not be covered transactions. In
addition, a transaction at the first lower tier under the export credit guarantee program
might be a procurement contract (i.e., a contract for the purchase and sale of goods) that
is expected to equal or exceed $25,000 entered into between the U.S. exporter and the
foreign importer for the U.S. commodities, the payment for which is covered by the
guarantee. Pursuant to § 417.220(c), this procurement contract would not be a covered
transaction. However, pursuant to §§ 417.215(b) and 417.220(d), the U.S. exporter or

U.S. financial institution would be prohibited from entering into, at the first lower tier, an
agreement with an importer (or intervening purchaser) or foreign bank or a procurement
contract that is expected to equal or exceed $25,000 with an entity that appears on the
SAM.gov as excluded or disqualified.
(b) Direct credit program. In the case of the direct credit program, the primary tier
covered transaction would be the financing agreement between the USDA and the U.S.
exporter. USDA purchases the exporter's account receivable in a particular transaction
pursuant to the financing agreement. On occasion, such a transaction may contemplate a
payment obligation of a U.S. or foreign bank to make the required payments. USDA
would have to check SAM.gov before entering into a financing agreement or accepting
such a payor to ensure that the U.S. exporter or the bank, if any, that would be the
primary tier participant is not excluded or disqualified. A transaction at the first lower tier
might be a payment obligation of the importer to pay the exporter for the exported U.S.
commodities that are covered by the financing agreement. Pursuant to § 417.215(a)(9),
this nonprocurement transaction would not be a covered transaction. In addition, a
transaction at the first lower tier might be a procurement contract that is expected to equal
or exceed $25,000 entered into between the U.S. exporter and the foreign importer for the
U.S. commodities, the payment for which is covered by the financing agreement.
Pursuant to § 417.220(c), this procurement contract would not be a covered transaction.
However, pursuant to §§ 417.215(b) and 417.220(d), the U.S. exporter would be
prohibited from entering into, at the first lower tier, an agreement with an importer (or
intervening purchaser) or bank, or a procurement contract that is expected to equal or
exceed $25,000 with an entity that appears in SAM.gov as excluded or disqualified.
Subpart C—Responsibilities of Participants Regarding Transactions

§ 417.332 What methods must I use to pass down requirements to participants in lowertier covered transactions with whom I intend to do business?
You as a participant must include a term or condition in lower tier covered transactions
requiring lower tier participants to comply with subpart C of the OMB guidance in 2 CFR
part 180, as supplemented by subpart C of this part.
Subpart D—Responsibilities of Department of Agriculture Officials Regarding
Transactions
§ 417.437 What method do I use to communicate to a participant the requirements
described in the OMB guidance at 2 CFR 180.435?
To communicate to a participant the requirements described in 2 CFR 180.435, you must
include a term or condition in the transaction that requires the participant's compliance
with subpart C of 2 CFR part 180, as supplemented by subpart C of this part, and requires
the participant to include a similar term or condition in lower tier covered transactions.
Subpart E—[Reserved]
Subpart F—[Reserved]
Subpart G—Suspension
§ 417.755 When will I know whether the USDA suspension is continued or terminated?
The record will remain open for the full 30 days, as called for in 2 CFR 180.725, even
when you make a submission before the 30 days expire.
Subpart H—Debarment
§ 417.865 How long may my debarment last?

The Secretary must permanently debar from participation in USDA programs any
individual, organization, corporation, or other entity convicted of a felony for knowingly
defrauding the United States in connection with any program administered by USDA.
(a) Reduction. A debarment under this paragraph may be reduced by the Secretary to a
period of not less than 10 years.
(b) Exemption. A debarment under this paragraph will not apply with regard to
participation in USDA domestic food assistance programs. For purposes of this
paragraph, participation in a domestic food assistance program does not include acting as
an authorized retail food store in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC), or as a nonbeneficiary entity in any of the domestic food assistance
programs. The programs include:
(1) Special Nutrition Assistance Program, 7 U.S.C. 2011, et seq.;
(2) Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations, 7 U.S.C. 2013(b);
(3) National School Lunch Program, 42 U.S.C. 1751, et seq.;
(4) Summer Food Service Program for Children, 42 U.S.C. 1761; Child and Adult Care
Food Program, 42 U.S.C. 1766;
(5) Special Milk Program for Children, 42 U.S.C. 1772; School Breakfast Program, 42
U.S.C. 1773;
(6) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, 42 U.S.C.
1786;
(7) Commodity Supplemental Food Program, 42 U.S.C. 612c note;
(8) WIC Farmers Market Nutrition Program, 42 U.S.C. 1786;

(9) Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program, 7 U.S.C. 3007; and
(10) Emergency Food Assistance Program, 7 U.S.C. 7501, et seq.
§ 417.870 When do I know if the USDA debarring official debars me?
The record will remain open for the full 30 days, as called for in 2 CFR 180.820, even
when you make a submission before the 30 days expire.
Subpart I—Definitions
§ 417.930 Debarring official (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2 CFR
180.930).
The head of an organizational unit within USDA (e.g., Administrator, Food and Nutrition
Service), who has been delegated authority in 7 CFR part 2 to carry out a covered
transaction, is delegated authority to act as the debarring official in connection with such
transaction. This authority to act as a debarring official may not be redelegated below the
head of the organizational unit, except that, in the case of the Forest Service, the Chief
may redelegate the authority to act as a debarring official to the Deputy Chief for the
National Forest System or an Associate Deputy Chief for the National Forest System.
§ 417.935 Disqualified (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2 CFR
180.935).
Disqualified means that a person is prohibited from participating in specified Federal
procurement or nonprocurement transactions as required under a statute, Executive order
(other than Executive Orders 12549 and 12689), or other authority. Examples of
disqualifications include persons prohibited under—
(a) The Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 3142);
(b) The equal employment opportunity acts and Executive orders; or

(c) The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7606), Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1368), and E.O.
11738 (38 FR 25161, 3 CFR, 1973 Comp., p. 799);
(d) 515(h) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515(h));
(e) Section 12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2021).
§ 417.1010 Suspending official (USDA supplement to government-wide definition at 2
CFR 180.1010).
The head of an organizational unit within USDA (e.g., Administrator, Food and Nutrition
Service), who has been delegated authority in 7 CFR part 2 to carry out a covered
transaction, is delegated authority to act as the suspending official in connection with
such transaction. This authority to act as a suspending official may not be redelegated
below the head of the organizational unit, except that, in the case of the Forest Service,
the Chief may redelegate the authority to act as a suspending official to the Deputy Chief
for the National Forest System or an Associate Deputy Chief for the National Forest
System.
Subpart J—[Reserved]

6. Revise and republish part 418 to read as follows:
PART 418—NEW RESTRICTIONS ON LOBBYING
Subpart A—General
Sec.
418.100 Conditions on use of funds.
418.105 Definitions.

418.110 Certification and disclosure.
Subpart B—Activities by Own Employees
Sec.
418.200 Agency and legislative liaison.
418.205 Professional and technical services.
418.210 Reporting.
Subpart C—Activities by Other Than Own Employees
Sec.
418.300 Professional and technical services.
Subpart D—Penalties and Enforcement
Sec.
418.400 Penalties.
418.405 Penalty procedures.
418.410 Enforcement.
Subpart E—Exemptions
Sec.
418.500 Secretary of Defense.
Appendix A to Part 418—Certification Regarding Lobbying

Authority: 31 U.S.C. 1352; 5 U.S.C. 301; 2 CFR 200.450.

Subpart A—General
§ 418.100 Conditions on use of funds.
(a) No appropriated funds may be expended by the recipient of a Federal contract, grant,
loan, or cooperative agreement to pay any person for influencing or attempting to
influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or
employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with any
of the following covered Federal actions: the awarding of any Federal contract, the
making of any Federal grant, the making of any Federal loan, the entering into of any
cooperative agreement, and the extension, continuation, renewal, amendment, or
modification of any Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(b) Each person who requests or receives from an agency a Federal contract, grant, loan,
or cooperative agreement must file with that agency a certification, set forth in Appendix
A, that the person has not made, and will not make, any payment prohibited by paragraph
(a) of this section.
(c) Each person who requests or receives from an agency a Federal contract, grant, loan,
or a cooperative agreement must file with that agency a disclosure form, in the OMBapproved format, if such person has made or has agreed to make any payment using
nonappropriated funds (to include profits from any covered Federal action), which would
be prohibited under paragraph (a) of this section if paid for with appropriated funds.
(d) Each person who requests or receives from an agency a commitment providing for the
United States to insure or guarantee a loan must file with that agency a statement, set
forth in Appendix A, whether that person has made or has agreed to make any payment to
influence or attempt to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of
Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress
in connection with that loan insurance or guarantee.

(e) Each person who requests or receives from an agency a commitment providing for the
United States to insure or guarantee a loan must file with that agency a disclosure form,
in the OMB-approved format, if that person has made or has agreed to make any payment
to influence or attempt to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of
Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress
in connection with that loan insurance or guarantee.
§ 418.105 Definitions.
For purposes of this part:
(a) Agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 552(f), includes Federal executive departments and
agencies as well as independent regulatory commissions and Government corporations,
as defined in 31 U.S.C. 9101(1).
(b) Covered Federal action.
(1) Covered Federal action means any of the following Federal actions:
(i) The awarding of any Federal contract;
(ii) The making of any Federal grant;
(iii) The making of any Federal loan;
(iv) The entering into of any cooperative agreement; and,
(v) The extension, continuation, renewal, amendment, or modification of any Federal
contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(2) Covered Federal action does not include receiving from an agency a commitment
providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan. Loan guarantees and loan
insurance are addressed independently within this part.

(c) Federal contract means an acquisition contract awarded by an agency, including those
subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), and any other acquisition contract
for real or personal property or services not subject to the FAR.
(d) Federal cooperative agreement means a cooperative agreement entered into by an
agency.
(e) Federal grant means an award of financial assistance in the form of money, or
property in lieu of money, by the Federal Government or a direct appropriation made by
law to any person. The term does not include technical assistance which provides services
instead of money, or other assistance in the form of revenue sharing, loans, loan
guarantees, loan insurance, interest subsidies, insurance, or direct United States cash
assistance to an individual.
(f) Federal loan means a loan made by an agency. The term does not include loan
guarantee or loan insurance.
(g) Indian tribe and tribal organization have the meaning provided in section 4 of the
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). Alaskan
Natives are included under the definitions of Indian tribes in that Act.
(h) Influencing or attempting to influence means making, with the intent to influence, any
communication to or appearance before an officer or employee or any agency, a Member
of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of
Congress in connection with any covered Federal action.
(i) Loan guarantee and loan insurance means an agency's guarantee or insurance of a loan
made by a person.
(j) Local government means a unit of government in a State and, if chartered, established,
or otherwise recognized by a State for the performance of a governmental duty, including

a local public authority, a special district, an intrastate district, a council of governments,
a sponsor group representative organization, and any other instrumentality of a local
government.
(k) Officer or employee of an agency includes the following individuals who are
employed by an agency:
(1) An individual who is appointed to a position in the Government under 5 U.S.C.,
including a position under a temporary appointment;
(2) A member of the uniformed services as defined in 37 U.S.C. 101(3);
(3) A special Government employee as defined in 18 U.S.C. 202; and,
(4) An individual who is a member of a Federal advisory committee, as defined by the
Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. Appendix 2.
(l) Person means an individual, corporation, company, association, authority, firm,
partnership, society, State, and local government, regardless of whether such entity is
operated for profit or not for profit. This term excludes an Indian tribe, tribal
organization, or any other Indian organization with respect to expenditures specifically
permitted by other Federal law.
(m) Reasonable compensation means, with respect to a regularly employed officer or
employee of any person, compensation that is consistent with the normal compensation
for such officer or employee for work that is not furnished to, not funded by, or not
furnished in cooperation with the Federal Government.
(n) Reasonable payment means, with respect to professional and other technical services,
a payment in an amount that is consistent with the amount normally paid for such
services in the private sector.

(o) Recipient includes all contractors, subcontractors at any tier, and subgrantees at any
tier of the recipient of funds received in connection with a Federal contract, grant, loan,
or cooperative agreement. The term excludes an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or any
other Indian organization with respect to expenditures specifically permitted by other
Federal law.
(p) Regularly employed means, with respect to an officer or employee of a person
requesting or receiving a Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement or a
commitment providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan, an officer or
employee who is employed by such person for at least 130 working days within one year
immediately preceding the date of the submission that initiates agency consideration of
such person for receipt of such contract, grant, loan, cooperative agreement, loan
insurance commitment, or loan guarantee commitment. An officer or employee who is
employed by such person for less than 130 working days within one year immediately
preceding the date of the submission that initiates agency consideration of such person
will be considered to be regularly employed as soon as he or she is employed by such
person for 130 working days.
(q) State means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth
of Puerto Rico, a territory or possession of the United States, an agency or instrumentality
of a State, and a multi-State, regional, or interstate entity having governmental duties and
powers.
§ 418.110 Certification and disclosure.
(a) Each person must file a certification, and a disclosure form, if required, with each
submission that initiates agency consideration of such person for:
(1) Award of a Federal contract, grant, or cooperative agreement exceeding $100,000; or

(2) An award of a Federal loan or a commitment providing for the United States to insure
or guarantee a loan exceeding $150,000.
(b)(1) Each person must file a certification, and a disclosure form, if required, upon
receipt by such person of:
(i) A Federal contract, grant, or cooperative agreement exceeding $100,000; or
(ii) A Federal loan or a commitment providing for the United States to insure or
guarantee a loan exceeding $150,000,
(2) Unless such person previously filed a certification, and a disclosure form, if required,
under paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Each person must file a disclosure form at the end of each calendar quarter in which
there occurs any event that requires disclosure or that materially affects the accuracy of
the information contained in any disclosure form previously filed by such person under
paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section. An event that materially affects the accuracy of the
information reported includes:
(1) A cumulative increase of $25,000 or more in the amount paid or expected to be paid
for influencing or attempting to influence a covered Federal action; or
(2) A change in the person(s) or individual(s) influencing or attempting to influence a
covered Federal action; or,
(3) A change in the officer(s), employee(s), or Member(s) contacted to influence or
attempt to influence a covered Federal action.
(d) Any person must file a certification, and a disclosure form, if required, to the next tier
above who requests or receives from a person referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this
section:

(1) A subcontract exceeding $100,000 at any tier under a Federal contract;
(2) A subgrant, contract, or subcontract exceeding $100,000 at any tier under a Federal
grant;
(3) A contract or subcontract exceeding $100,000 at any tier under a Federal loan
exceeding $150,000; or,
(4) A contract or subcontract exceeding $100,000 at any tier under a Federal cooperative
agreement.
(e) All disclosure forms, but not certifications, must be forwarded from tier to tier until
received by the person referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section. That person
must forward all disclosure forms to the agency.
(f) Any certification or disclosure form filed under paragraph (e) of this section will be
treated as a material representation of fact upon which all receiving tiers must rely. All
liability arising from an erroneous representation will be borne solely by the tier filing
that representation and must not be shared by any tier to which the erroneous
representation is forwarded. Submitting an erroneous certification or disclosure
constitutes a failure to file the required certification or disclosure, respectively. If a
person fails to file a required certification or disclosure, the United States may pursue all
available remedies, including those authorized by 31 U.S.C. 1352.
(g) No reporting is required for an activity paid for with appropriated funds if that activity
is allowable under either subpart B or C of this part.
Subpart B—Activities by Own Employees
§ 418.200 Agency and legislative liaison.

(a) The prohibition on the use of appropriated funds, in § 418.100 (a), does not apply in
the case of a payment of reasonable compensation made to an officer or employee of a
person requesting or receiving a Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement if
the payment is for agency and legislative liaison activities not directly related to a
covered Federal action.
(b) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, providing any information specifically
requested by an agency or Congress is allowable at any time.
(c) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, the following agency and legislative
liaison activities are allowable at any time only where they are not related to a specific
solicitation for any covered Federal action:
(1) Discussing with an agency (including individual demonstrations) the qualities and
characteristics of the person's products or services, conditions or terms of sale, and
service capabilities; and,
(2) Technical discussions and other activities regarding the application or adaptation of
the person's products or services for an agency's use.
(d) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, the following agencies and legislative
liaison activities are allowable only where they are prior to formal solicitation of any
covered Federal action:
(1) Providing any information not specifically requested but necessary for an agency to
make an informed decision about initiation of a covered Federal action;
(2) Technical discussions regarding the preparation of an unsolicited proposal prior to its
official submission; and,

(3) Capability presentations by persons seeking awards from an agency pursuant to the
provisions of the Small Business Act, as amended by Public Law 95-507 and other
subsequent amendments.
(e) Only those activities expressly authorized by this section are allowable under this
section.
§ 418.205 Professional and technical services.
(a) The prohibition on the use of appropriated funds, in § 418.100 (a), does not apply in
the case of a payment of reasonable compensation made to an officer or employee of a
person requesting or receiving a Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement
or an extension, continuation, renewal, amendment, or modification of a Federal contract,
grant, loan, or cooperative agreement if payment is for professional or technical services
rendered directly in the preparation, submission, or negotiation of any bid, proposal, or
application for that Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement or for meeting
requirements imposed by or pursuant to law as a condition for receiving that Federal
contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(b) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, “professional and technical services”
will be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical
discipline. For example, drafting of a legal document accompanying a bid or proposal by
a lawyer is allowable. Similarly, technical advice provided by an engineer on the
performance or operational capability of a piece of equipment rendered directly in the
negotiation of a contract is allowable. However, communications with the intent to
influence made by a professional (such as a licensed lawyer) or a technical person (such
as a licensed accountant) are not allowable under this section unless they provide advice
and analysis directly applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the
advice or analysis is rendered directly and solely in the preparation, submission or

negotiation of a covered Federal action. Thus, for example, communications with the
intent to influence made by a lawyer that do not provide legal advice or analysis directly
and solely related to the legal aspects of his or her client's proposal, but generally
advocate one proposal over another are not allowable under this section because the
lawyer is not providing professional legal services. Similarly, communications with the
intent to influence made by an engineer providing an engineering analysis prior to the
preparation or submission of a bid or proposal are not allowable under this section since
the engineer is providing technical services but not directly in the preparation, submission
or negotiation of a covered Federal action.
(c) Requirements imposed by or pursuant to law as a condition for receiving a covered
Federal award include those required by law or regulation, or reasonably expected to be
required by law or regulation, and any other requirements in the actual award documents.
(d) Only those services expressly authorized by this section are allowable under this
section.
§ 418.210 Reporting.
No reporting is required with respect to payments of reasonable compensation made to
regularly employed officers or employees of a person.
Subpart C— Activities by Other Than Own Employees
§ 418.300 Professional and technical services.
(a) The prohibition on the use of appropriated funds, in § 418.100 (a), does not apply in
the case of any reasonable payment to a person, other than an officer or employee of a
person requesting or receiving a covered Federal action, if the payment is for professional
or technical services rendered directly in the preparation, submission, or negotiation of
any bid, proposal, or application for that Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative

agreement or for meeting requirements imposed by or pursuant to law as a condition for
receiving that Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(b) The reporting requirements in § 418.110 (a) and (b) regarding filing a disclosure form
by each person, if required, will not apply with respect to professional or technical
services rendered directly in the preparation, submission, or negotiation of any
commitment providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan.
(c) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, “professional and technical services”
will be limited to advice and analysis directly applying any professional or technical
discipline. For example, drafting of a legal document accompanying a bid or proposal by
a lawyer is allowable. Similarly, technical advice provided by an engineer on the
performance or operational capability of a piece of equipment rendered directly in the
negotiation of a contract is allowable. However, communications with the intent to
influence made by a professional (such as a licensed lawyer) or a technical person (such
as a licensed accountant) are not allowable under this section unless they provide advice
and analysis directly applying their professional or technical expertise and unless the
advice or analysis is rendered directly and solely in the preparation, submission or
negotiation of a covered Federal action. Thus, for example, communications with the
intent to influence made by a lawyer that do not provide legal advice or analysis directly
and solely related to the legal aspects of his or her client's proposal, but generally
advocate one proposal over another are not allowable under this section because the
lawyer is not providing professional legal services. Similarly, communications with the
intent to influence made by an engineer providing an engineering analysis prior to the
preparation or submission of a bid or proposal are not allowable under this section since
the engineer is providing technical services but not directly in the preparation, submission
or negotiation of a covered Federal action.

(d) Requirements imposed by or pursuant to law as a condition for receiving a covered
Federal award include those required by law or regulation, or reasonably expected to be
required by law or regulation, and any other requirements in the actual award documents.
(e) Persons other than officers or employees of a person requesting or receiving a covered
Federal action include consultants and trade associations.
(f) Only those services expressly authorized by this section are allowable under this
section.
Subpart D—Penalties and Enforcement
§ 418.400 Penalties.
(a) Any person who makes an expenditure prohibited herein will be subject to a civil
penalty of not less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such expenditure.
(b) Any person who fails to file or amend the disclosure form (in the OMB-approved
format) to be filed or amended if required herein, will be subject to a civil penalty of not
less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such failure.
(c) A filing or amended filing on or after the date on which an administrative action for
the imposition of a civil penalty is commenced does not prevent the imposition of such
civil penalty for a failure occurring before that date. An administrative action is
commenced with respect to a failure when an investigating official determines in writing
to commence an investigation of an allegation of such failure.
(d) In determining whether to impose a civil penalty, and the amount of any such penalty,
by reason of a violation by any person, the agency will consider the nature,
circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation, the effect on the ability of such person
to continue in business, any prior violations by such person, the degree of culpability of

such person, the ability of the person to pay the penalty, and such other matters as may be
appropriate.
(e) First offenders under paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section will be subject to a civil
penalty of $10,000, absent aggravating circumstances. Second and subsequent offenses
by persons will be subject to an appropriate civil penalty between $10,000 and $100,000,
as determined by the agency head or his or her designee.
(f) An imposition of a civil penalty under this section does not prevent the United States
from seeking any other remedy that may apply to the same conduct that is the basis for
the imposition of such civil penalty.
§ 418.405 Penalty procedures.
Agencies must impose and collect civil penalties pursuant to the provisions of the
Program Fraud and Civil Remedies Act, 31 U.S.C. 3803 (except subsection (c)), 3804
through 3808, and 3812, insofar as these provisions are not inconsistent with the
requirements herein.
§ 418.410 Enforcement.
The head of each agency must take such actions as are necessary to ensure that the
provisions herein are vigorously implemented and enforced in that agency.
Subpart E—Exemptions
§ 418.500 Secretary of Defense.
(a) The Secretary of Defense may exempt, on a case-by-case basis, a covered Federal
action from the prohibition whenever the Secretary determines, in writing, that such an
exemption is in the national interest. The Secretary must transmit a copy of each such
written exemption to Congress immediately after making such a determination.

(b) The Department of Defense may issue supplemental regulations to implement
paragraph (a) of this section.
Appendix A to Part 418—Certification Regarding Lobbying
Certification for Contracts, Grants, Loans, and Cooperative Agreements
The undersigned certifies, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, that:
(1) No Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid, by or on behalf of the
undersigned, to any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or
employee of an agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or
an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with the awarding of any Federal
contract, the making of any Federal grant, the making of any Federal loan, the entering
into of any cooperative agreement, and the extension, continuation, renewal, amendment,
or modification of any Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(2) If any funds other than Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid to
any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any
agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a
Member of Congress in connection with this Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative
agreement, the undersigned must complete and submit Standard Form-LLL, “Disclosure
of Lobbying Activities,” in accordance with its instructions.
(3) The undersigned must require that the language of this certification be included in the
award documents for all subawards at all tiers (including subcontracts, subgrants, and
contracts under grants, loans, and cooperative agreements) and that all subrecipients must
certify and disclose accordingly.
This certification is a material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed
when this transaction was made or entered into. Submission of this certification is a

prerequisite for making or entering into this transaction imposed by 31 U.S.C. 1352. Any
person who fails to file the required certification will be subject to a civil penalty of not
less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such failure.
Statement for Loan Guarantees and Loan Insurance
The undersigned states, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, that:
If any funds have been paid or will be paid to any person for influencing or attempting to
influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or
employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with this
commitment providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan, the
undersigned must complete and submit Standard Form-LLL, “Disclosure of Lobbying
Activities,” in accordance with its instructions.
Submission of this statement is a prerequisite for making or entering into this transaction
imposed by section 1352, title 31, U.S. Code. Any person who fails to file the required
statement will be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $10,000 and not more than
$100,000 for each such failure.

PART 421—REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE)
7. The authority citation for part 421 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 41 U.S.C. 701-707
8. Amend § 421.10 by revising the introductory text and paragraph (b) as follows:
§ 421.10 What does this part do?

This part requires that the award and administration of USDA grants and cooperative
agreements comply with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidance
implementing the portion of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (41 U.S.C. 81018106, as amended, hereafter referred to as “the Act”) that applies to grants. It thereby—
*

*

*

*

*

(b) Establishes USDA policies and procedures for compliance with the Act that are the
same as those of other Federal agencies, in conformance with the requirement in 41
U.S.C. 8106 for Governmentwide implementing regulations.
*

*

*

*

*

9. Revise § 421.400 to read as follows:
§ 421.400 What method do I use as an agency awarding official to obtain a
recipient's agreement to comply with the OMB guidance?
To obtain a recipient's agreement to comply with applicable requirements in the OMB
guidance at 2 CFR part 182, you must include the following term or condition in the
award:
Drug-free workplace. You as the recipient must comply with drug-free workplace
requirements in Subpart B (or Subpart C, if the recipient is an individual) of part 421,
which adopts the Governmentwide implementation (2 CFR part 182) of sec. 5152-5158
of the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-690, Title V, Subtitle D; 41 U.S.C.
8101-8106).
10. Revise and republish part 422 to read as follows:
PART 422—RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS CONDUCTING USDA-FUNDED
EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH; RESEARCH MISCONDUCT
Sec.

422.1 Definitions.
422.2 Procedures.
422.3 Inquiry, investigation, and adjudication.
422.4 USDA Panel to determine appropriateness of research misconduct policy.
422.5 Reservation of right to conduct subsequent inquiry, investigation, and adjudication.
422.6 Notification of USDA of allegations of research misconduct.
422.7 Notification of ARIO during an inquiry or investigation.
422.8 Communication of research misconduct policies and procedures.
422.9 Documents required.
422.10 Reporting to USDA.
422.11 Research records and evidence.
422.12 Remedies for noncompliance.
422.13 Appeals.
422.14 Relationship to other requirements.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 7 CFR 2610.1(c); Federal Policy on Research Misconduct (65
FR 76260)
§ 422.1 Definitions.
The following definitions apply to this part:
Adjudication. The stage in response to an allegation of research misconduct when the
outcome of the investigation is reviewed, and appropriate corrective actions, if any, are

determined. Corrective actions generally will be administrative in nature, such as
termination of an award, debarment, award restrictions, recovery of funds, or correction
of the research record. However, if there is an indication of violation of civil or criminal
statutes, civil or criminal sanctions may be pursued.
Agency Research Integrity Officer (ARIO). The individual appointed by a USDA agency
that conducts research and who is responsible for:
(1) Receiving and processing allegations of research misconduct as assigned by the
USDA RIO;
(2) Informing OIG and the USDA RIO and the research institution associated with the
alleged research misconduct, of allegations of research misconduct in the event it is
reported to the USDA agency;
(3) Ensuring that any records, documents and other materials relating to a research
misconduct allegation are provided to OIG when requested;
(4) Coordinating actions taken to address allegations of research misconduct with respect
to extramural research with the research institution(s) at which time the research
misconduct is alleged to have occurred, and with the USDA RIO;
(5) Overseeing proceedings to address allegations of extramurally funded research
misconduct at intramural research institutions and research institutions where extramural
research occurs;
(6) Ensuring that agency action to address allegations of research misconduct at USDA
agencies performing extramurally funded research is performed at an organizational level
that allows an independent, unbiased, and equitable process;
(7) Immediately notifying OIG, the USDA RIO, and the applicable research institution if:

(i) Public health or safety is at risk;
(ii) USDA's resources, reputation, or other interests need protecting;
(iii) Research activities should be suspended;
(iv) Federal action may be needed to protect the interest of a subject of the investigation
or of others potentially affected;
(v) A premature public disclosure of the inquiry into or investigation of the allegation
may compromise the process;
(vi) The scientific community or the public should be informed; or
(vii) Behavior that is or may be criminal in nature is discovered at any point during the
inquiry, investigation, or adjudication phases of the research misconduct proceedings;
(8) Documenting the dismissal of the allegation, and ensuring that the name of the
accused individual and/or institution is cleared if an allegation of research misconduct is
dismissed at any point during the inquiry or investigation phase of the proceedings;
(9) Other duties relating to research misconduct proceedings as assigned.
Allegation. A disclosure of possible research misconduct through any means of
communication. The disclosure may be by written or oral statement, or by other means of
communication to an institutional or USDA official.
Applied research. Systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to
determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met.
Assistant Inspector General for Investigations. The individual in OIG who is responsible
for OIG's domestic and foreign investigative operations through OIG’s national and
regional investigative offices.

Basic research. Systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge or understanding of
the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific
applications towards processes or products in mind.
Extramural research. Research conducted by any research institution or entity other than
the Federal agency to which the funds supporting the research were appropriated.
Research institutions conducting extramural research may include Federal research
facilities.
Fabrication. Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
Falsification. Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or
omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research
record.
Finding of research misconduct. The conclusion, proven by a preponderance of the
evidence, that research misconduct occurred, that such research misconduct represented a
significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community, and
that such research misconduct was committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
Inquiry. The stage in the response to an allegation of research misconduct when an
assessment is made to determine whether the allegation has substance and whether an
investigation is warranted.
Intramural research. Research conducted by a Federal Agency, to which funds were
appropriated for the purpose of conducting research.
Investigation. The stage in the response to an allegation of research misconduct when the
factual record is formally developed and examined to determine whether to dismiss the
case, recommend a finding of research misconduct, and/or take other appropriate
remedies.

Office of Inspector General (OIG). The Office of Inspector General of the United States
Department of Agriculture.
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). The Office of Science and Technology
Policy of the Executive Office of the President.
Plagiarism. The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words
without giving appropriate credit.
Preponderance of the evidence. Proof by information that, compared with that opposing
it, leads to the conclusion that the fact at issue is more probably true than not.
Research. All basic, applied, and demonstration research in all fields of science,
engineering, and mathematics. This includes, but is not limited to, research in economics,
education, linguistics, medicine, psychology, social sciences, statistics, and research
involving human subjects or animals regardless of the funding mechanism used to
support it.
Research institution. All organizations using Federal funds for research, including, for
example, colleges and universities, Federally funded research and development centers,
national user facilities, industrial laboratories, or other research institutes. Activities
which meet this definition constitute research for purposes of this part, whether or not
they are conducted or supported under a program which is considered “research” for
other purposes. For example, some demonstration and service programs may include
research/scientific activities.
Research misconduct. Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing,
or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. Research misconduct does not
include honest error or differences of opinion.

Research record. The record of data or results that embody the facts resulting from
scientific inquiry, and includes, but is not limited to, research proposals, research records
(including data, notes, journals, laboratory records (both physical and electronic)),
progress reports, abstracts, theses, oral presentations, internal reports, and journal articles.
USDA. United States Department of Agriculture.
USDA Research Integrity Officer (USDA RIO). The individual designated by the Office
of the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics (REE) who is
responsible for:
(1) Overseeing USDA agency responses to allegations of research misconduct;
(2) Ensuring that agency research misconduct procedures are consistent with this part;
(3) Receiving and assigning allegations of research misconduct reported by the public;
(4) Developing Memoranda of Understanding with agencies that elect not to develop
their own research misconduct procedures;
(5) Monitoring the progress of all research misconduct cases; and
(6) Serving as liaison with OIG to receive allegations of research misconduct when they
are received via the OIG Hotline.
§ 422.2 Procedures.
Research institutions that conduct extramural research funded by USDA must foster an
atmosphere conducive to research integrity. They must develop or have procedures in
place to respond to allegations of research misconduct that ensure:
(a) Appropriate separations of responsibility for inquiry, investigation, and adjudication;
(b) Objectivity;

(c) Due process;
(d) Whistleblower protection;
(e) Confidentiality. To the extent possible and consistent with a fair and thorough
investigation and as allowed by law, knowledge about the identity of subjects and
complainants is limited to those who need to know; and
(f) Timely resolution.
§ 422.3 Inquiry, investigation, and adjudication.
A research institution that conducts extramural research funded by USDA bears primary
responsibility for prevention and detection of research misconduct and for the inquiry,
investigation, and adjudication of research misconduct allegations reported directly to it.
The research institution must perform an inquiry in response to an allegation, and must
follow the inquiry with an investigation if the inquiry determines that the allegation or
apparent instance of research misconduct has substance. The responsibilities for
adjudication must be separate from those for inquiry and investigation. In most instances,
USDA will rely on a research institution conducting extramural research to promptly:
(a) Initiate an inquiry into any suspected or alleged research misconduct;
(b) Conduct a subsequent investigation, if warranted;
(c) Acquire, prepare, and maintain appropriate records of allegations of extramural
research misconduct and all related inquiries, investigations, and findings; and
(d) Take action to ensure the following:
(1) The integrity of research;
(2) The rights and interests of the subject of the investigation and the public are
protected;

(3) The observance of legal requirements or responsibilities including cooperation with
criminal investigations; and
(4) Appropriate safeguards for subjects of allegations, as well as complainants (see
§ 422.6). These safeguards should include timely written notification of subjects
regarding substantive allegations made against them; a description of all such allegations;
reasonable access to the data and other evidence supporting the allegations; and the
opportunity to respond to allegations, the supporting evidence and the proposed findings
of research misconduct, if any.
§ 422.4 USDA Panel to determine appropriateness of research misconduct policy.
Before USDA will rely on a research institution to conduct an inquiry, investigation, and
adjudication of an allegation in accordance with this part, the research institution where
the research misconduct is alleged must provide the ARIO its policies and procedures
related to research misconduct at the institution. The research institution has the option of
providing either a written copy of such policies and procedures or a Web site address
where such policies and procedures can be accessed. The ARIO to whom the policies and
procedures were made available must convene a panel comprised of the USDA RIO and
ARIOs from the Forest Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and the National
Institute of Food and Agriculture. The Panel will review the research institution's policies
and procedures for compliance with the OSTP Policy and render a decision regarding the
research institution's ability to adequately resolve research misconduct allegations. The
ARIO will inform the research institution of the Panel's determination that its inquiry,
investigation, and adjudication procedures are sufficient. If the Panel determines that the
research institution does not have sufficient policies and procedures in place to conduct
inquiry, investigation, and adjudication proceedings, or that the research institution is in
any way unfit or unprepared to handle the inquiry, investigation, and adjudication in a

prompt, unbiased, fair, and independent manner, the ARIO will inform the research
institution in writing of the Panel's decision. An appropriate USDA agency, as
determined by the Panel, will then conduct the inquiry, investigation, and adjudication of
research misconduct in accordance with this part. If an allegation of research misconduct
is made regarding extramural research conducted at a Federal research institution
(whether USDA or not), it is presumed that the Federal research institution has research
misconduct procedures consistent with the OSTP Policy. USDA reserves the right to
convene the Panel to assess the sufficiency of a Federal agency's research misconduct
procedures, should there be any question whether the agency's procedures will ensure a
fair, unbiased, equitable, and independent inquiry, investigation, and adjudication
process.
§ 422.5 Reservation of right to conduct subsequent inquiry, investigation, and
adjudication.
(a) USDA reserves the right to conduct its own inquiry, investigation, and adjudication
into allegations of research misconduct at a research institution conducting extramural
research subsequent to the proceedings of the research institution related to the same
allegation. This may be necessary if the USDA RIO or ARIO believes, using sound
discretion, that despite the Panel's finding that the research institution in question had
appropriate and OSTP-compliant research misconduct procedures in place, the research
institution conducting the extramural research at issue:
(1) Did not adhere to its own research misconduct procedures;
(2) Did not conduct research misconduct proceedings in a fair, unbiased, or independent
manner; or
(3) Has not completed research misconduct inquiry, investigation, or adjudication in a
timely manner.

(b) Additionally, USDA reserves the right to conduct its own inquiry, investigation, and
adjudication into allegations of research misconduct at a research institution conducting
extramural research subsequent to the proceedings of the research institution related to
the same allegation for any other reason that the USDA RIO or ARIO considers it
appropriate to conduct research misconduct proceedings in lieu of the research
institution's conducting the extramural research at issue. This right is subject to paragraph
(c) of this section.
(c) In cases where the USDA RIO or ARIO believes it is necessary for USDA to conduct
its own inquiry, investigation, and adjudication subsequent to the proceedings of the
research institution related to the same allegation, the USDA RIO or ARIO will
reconvene the Panel, which will determine whether it is appropriate for the relevant
USDA agency to conduct the research misconduct proceedings related to the allegation(s)
of research misconduct. If the Panel determines that it is appropriate for a USDA agency
to conduct the proceedings, the ARIO will immediately notify the research institution in
question. The research institution must then promptly provide the relevant USDA agency
with documentation of the research misconduct proceedings the research institution has
conducted to that point, and the USDA agency will conduct research misconduct
proceedings in accordance with the Agency research misconduct procedures.
§ 422.6 Notification of USDA of allegations of research misconduct.
(a) Research institutions that conduct USDA-funded extramural research must promptly
notify OIG and the USDA RIO of all allegations of research misconduct or violations of
Federal criminal statutes involving USDA funds when the institution inquiry into the
allegation warrants the institution moving on to an investigation.
(b) Individuals at research institutions who suspect research misconduct at the institution
should report allegations in accordance with the institution's research misconduct policies

and procedures. Anyone else who suspects that researchers or research institutions
performing Federally funded research may have engaged in research misconduct is
encouraged to make a formal allegation of research misconduct to OIG.
(1) OIG has established a hotline for USDA employees and the general public to report
fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement in USDA programs including allegations of
research misconduct. Complaints, which may be submitted anonymously, must be filed
with the OIG by submitting a complaint via the hotline on OIG’s public website, sending
a fax, or writing a letter.
(i) The OIG hotline may be accessed at https://usdaoig.oversight.gov/hotline.
(ii) Complainants who submit to the hotline on OIG’s public website and who wish to
provide additional documentation may fax them to (202) 690-2474.
(iii) Letters may be mailed to: United States Department of Agriculture, Office of
Inspector General, P.O. Box 23399, Washington, DC 20026-3399.
(2) The USDA RIO may be reached at:
USDA Research Integrity Officer, 214W Whitten Building, Washington, DC
20250
Telephone: (202) 690-0745
Email: researchintegrity@usda.gov
(c) To the extent known, the following details should be included in any formal
allegation:
(1) The name of the research projects involved, the nature of the alleged misconduct, and
the names of the individual or individuals alleged to be involved in the misconduct;

(2) The source or sources of funding for the research project or research projects involved
in the alleged misconduct;
(3) Important dates;
(4) Any documentation that bears upon the allegation; and
(5) Any other potentially relevant information.
(d) Safeguards for complainants give individuals the confidence that they can bring
allegations of research misconduct made in good faith to the attention of appropriate
authorities or serve as complainants to an inquiry or an investigation without suffering
retribution. Safeguards include protection against retaliation for complainants who make
good faith allegations, fair and objective procedures for the examination and resolution of
allegations of research misconduct, and diligence in protecting the positions and
reputations of those persons who make allegations of research misconduct in good faith.
The identity of complainants who wish to remain anonymous will be kept confidential to
the extent permitted by law or regulation.
§ 422.7 Notification of ARIO during an inquiry or investigation.
(a) Research institutions that conduct USDA-funded extramural research must promptly
notify the ARIO should the institution become aware during an inquiry or investigation
that:
(1) Public health or safety is at risk;
(2) The resources, reputation, or other interests of USDA are in need of protection;
(3) Research activities should be suspended;
(4) Federal action may be needed to protect the interest of a subject of the investigation or
of others potentially affected;

(5) A premature public disclosure of the inquiry into or investigation of the allegation
may compromise the process;
(6) The scientific community or the public should be informed; or
(7) There is reasonable indication of possible violations of civil or criminal law.
(b) If research misconduct proceedings reveal behavior that may be criminal in nature at
any point during the proceedings, the institution must promptly notify the ARIO.
§ 422.8 Communication of research misconduct policies and procedures.
Institutions that conduct USDA-funded extramural research are to maintain and
effectively communicate to their staff policies and procedures relating to research
misconduct, including the guidelines in this part. The institution is to inform their
researchers and staff members who conduct USDA-funded extramural research when and
under what circumstances USDA is to be notified of allegations of research misconduct,
and when and under what circumstances USDA is to be updated on research misconduct
proceedings.
§ 422.9 Documents required.
(a) A research institution that conducts USDA-funded extramural research must maintain
the following documents related to an allegation of research misconduct at the research
institution:
(1) A written statement describing the original allegation;
(2) A copy of the formal notification presented to the subject of the allegation;
(3) A written report describing the inquiry stage and its outcome including copies of all
supporting documentation;

(4) A description of the methods and procedures used to gather and evaluate information
pertinent to the alleged misconduct during inquiry and investigation stages;
(5) A written report of the investigation, including the evidentiary record and supporting
documentation;
(6) A written statement of the findings; and
(7) If applicable, a statement of recommended corrective actions, and any response to
such a statement by the subject of the original allegation, and/or other interested parties,
including any corrective action plan.
(b) The research institution must retain the documents specified in paragraph (a) of this
section for at least 3 years following the final adjudication of the alleged research
misconduct.
§ 422.10 Reporting to USDA.
Following completion of an investigation into allegations of research misconduct, the
institution conducting extramural research must provide to the ARIO a copy of the
evidentiary record, the report of the investigation, recommendations made to the
institution's adjudicating official, the adjudicating official's determination, the institution's
corrective action taken or planned, and the written response of the individual who is the
subject of the allegation to any recommendations.
§ 422.11 Research records and evidence.
(a) A research institution that conducts extramural research supported by USDA funds, as
the responsible legal entity for the USDA-supported research, has a continuing obligation
to create and maintain adequate records (including documents and other evidentiary
matter) as may be required by any subsequent inquiry, investigation, finding,
adjudication, or other proceeding.

(b) Whenever an investigation is initiated, the research institution must promptly take all
reasonable and practical steps to obtain custody of all relevant research records and
evidence as may be necessary to conduct the research misconduct proceedings. This must
be accomplished before the research institution notifies the researcher/respondent of the
allegation, or immediately thereafter.
(c) The original research records and evidence taken into custody by the research
institution must be inventoried and stored in a secure place and manner. Research records
involving raw data must include the devices or instruments on which they reside.
However, if deemed appropriate by the research institution or investigator, research data
or records that reside on or in instruments or devices may be copied and removed from
those instruments or devices as long as the copies are complete, accurate, and have
substantially equivalent evidentiary value as the data or records have when the data or
records reside on the instruments or devices. Such copies of data or records must be made
by a disinterested, qualified technician and not by the subject of the original allegation or
other interested parties. When the relevant data or records have been removed from the
devices or instruments, the instruments or devices need not be maintained as evidence.
§ 422.12 Remedies for noncompliance.
USDA agencies' implementation procedures identify the administrative actions available
to remedy a finding of research misconduct. Such actions may include the recovery of
funds, correction of the research record, debarment of the researcher(s) that engaged in
the research misconduct, proper attribution, or any other action deemed appropriate to
remedy the instance(s) of research misconduct. The agency should consider the
seriousness of the misconduct, including, but not limited to, the degree to which the
misconduct was knowingly conducted, intentional, or reckless; was an isolated event or
part of a pattern; or had significant impact on the research record, research subjects, other

researchers, institutions, or the public welfare. In determining the appropriate
administrative action, the appropriate agency must impose a remedy that is
commensurate with the infraction as described in the finding of research misconduct.
§ 422.13 Appeals.
(a) If USDA relied on an institution to conduct an inquiry, investigation, and
adjudication, the alleged person(s) should first follow the institution's appeal policy and
procedures.
(b) USDA agencies' implementation procedures, which must be made available on a
designated USDA public website, identify the appeal process when a finding of research
misconduct is elevated to the agency.
§ 422.14 Relationship to other requirements.
Some of the research covered by this part also may be subject to regulations of other
governmental agencies (e.g., a university that receives funding from a USDA agency and
also under a grant from another Federal agency). If more than one agency of the Federal
Government has jurisdiction, USDA will cooperate with the other agency(ies) in
designating a lead agency. When USDA is not the lead agency, it will rely on the lead
agency following its policies and procedures in determining whether there is a finding of
research misconduct. Further, USDA may, in consultation with the lead agency, take
action to protect the health and safety of the public, to promote the integrity of the
USDA-supported research and research process, or to conserve public funds. When
appropriate, USDA will seek to resolve allegations jointly with the other agency or
agencies.

11. Add part 423 to read as follows:

PART 423 – GEOSPATIAL DATA MANAGEMENT AND STANDARDS FOR
FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AWARDS
Sec.
423.1 What does this part do?
423.2 Disclosure of geospatial investments.

Authority: 43 U.S.C. Ch. 46; 5 U.S.C. 301
§ 423.1 What does this part do?
This part implements the requirements at 43 U.S.C. 2808(b)(3) which pertain to the
disclosure of USDA Federal financial assistance that involves geospatial data, as
supplemented by this part.
§ 423.2 Disclosure of geospatial investments.
USDA awarding agencies must ensure that all Federal financial assistance instruments
which involve the acquisition, storage, or distribution of geospatial data comply with
USDA policy. For all such instruments, USDA awarding agencies must require award
terms and conditions necessary for the specific purpose of complying with law,
regulation, and USDA policy.

Lynn Moaney,
Deputy Chief Financial Officer,
Office of the Chief Financial Officer.

[FR Doc. 2024-13845 Filed: 6/28/2024 8:45 am; Publication Date: 7/1/2024]